第一篇 Pushbike er Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure——or even kill——children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars(车把)．So a team of engineers is redesigning it to make it safer Kristy Arbogast，a bioengineer at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania， began the project with her colleagues．The cases they reviewed about serious abdominal(腹部的) injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents．”The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with seine countermeasures，”she says By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common cause for serious injuries They discovered that most cases occur when children hit an obstacle at slow speed，causing them to topple f摇摆)over．To maintain their balance the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees—but their momentum(冲力)forces them into the end of the handlebars．The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground，pushing it in to their abdomen(腹部)． The solution the group came up with is a handgrip (握柄)fitted with a spring and damping(减速)system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted(传递)through the handlebars in all impact．The group hopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to t}le cost of a bike．“But our task has been one of education because up until now．bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem，”says Arbogast． The world “countermeasures” in paragraph 2 means（）