Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Rocketing Demand is Luring British Universities Abroad
Universities have become terrifically popular. 1 In Britain the clamour for higher education is such that almost half of young people now enroll, and the prospect of having to pay more for the privilege from 2012 is provoking a headlong dash for the ivory towers. There are similar enthusiasms overseas: many more youngsters are extending their education in other rich countries and emerging economies, according to figures from the OECD, a think-tank. Keen to meet some of this demand, British universities are opening foreign campuses.
Britain is a world leader in higher education, second only to America in attracting foreign students. But its universities are not quite so adept at setting up shop abroad. American universities have long operated in other countries: Johns Hopkins University, for example, opened a branch in Italy in 1955 and another in China in 1986, teaching mostly in English and catering for both local and visiting students. American universities have 78 campuses overseas, including four in Britain. Australian universities have a strong presence abroad, too, with campuses in Malaysia, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.
2 By contrast, it was not until 2000 that the first large-scale British university campus was established abroad, by the University of Nottingham in Malaysia. In 2004 a second offshoot followed in China. Six years on British universities have set up only 13 international campuses, according to a tally by the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education, another think-tank.
There are increasing efforts to catch up. On October 28th University College London (UCL) became the latest to sign a deal to move into Qatar, where it will join six American institutions already there. Qatar plans to build museums housing Arab and Islamic artifacts. 3 The new campus, funded by the Qatar Foundation and the Qatar Museums Authority, will offer courses in archaeology (考古学), conservation and museum studies to students, and professional training to those working in the galleries. UCL has also recently opened satellite operations in Australia and Kazakhstan.
The biggest new market for western universities is likely to be India, according to a study by the British Council and the Economist Intelce Unit, our sister company. 4 Legislation to allow foreign universities to operate there has yet to be passed, however. So universities such as Middle, which has two foreign campuses now, are entering into agreements with Indian outfits to offer degrees validated by the British partner.
5 The interest is mainly in tapping a new revenue stream, although British institutions tend to make less from their operations abroad than they do from charging foreigners steep tuition fees in Britain. But as competition for international students grows worldwide, British universities can no longer rest on their laurels at home. Expanding abroad might prove a route to survival. Rocketing Demand is Luring British Universities Abroad