Calligraphy is a visual art 1 ____________ (relate) to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument , brush , or other writing instruments. In China , calligraphy is referred to 2____________ shufa. Chinese calligraphy has 3____________ long tradition , and is today regarded as one of the arts in the countries 4____________ it is practiced. Chinese calligraphy 5____________(focus) not only on methods of writing but also on cultivating one ’ s character. Chinese calligraphy is a form of aesthetically pleasing writing. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been 6 ____________ (general) held in high esteem across East Asia. Calligraphy 7____________(consider) as one of the four best friends of ancient Chinese literati ( 文人学士 ), along with 8____________(play) stringed musical instrumen t, the board “ go ” , and painting. There are some general standardizations of the 9____________(vary) styles of calligraphy in this tradition. Distinguishing features of Chinese painting and calligraphy include an emphasis on motion charged with dynamic life. Calligraphy has also led to the development of many 1 0____________(form) of art in China , including seal carving , ornate paperweights , and inkstones.