下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。
第一篇

Economic Costs of Noise The economic costs of noise to society are several. Airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. For in stance, at Washington’s National Airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am. Other airports restrict the use of certain runways. One estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. The profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions. In the case of airports, jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation(隔音) from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. One estimate is that ＄5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices. However, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary. If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. An increase in airport capacity would occur. Property values near airports might rise. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers. Much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise reduction and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. Furthermore, the cost of noise pollution control to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated. The public must be alerted to the ers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelt choices and exert appropriate pressures.

Noise reduction could lead to ______.