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Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). (46)Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’ s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. (47) By splitting an into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control tile dramatic intensity of the s as the story progressed. (48) Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film y of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. (49) His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith’ s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historic philosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’ s running time. (50) From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a little ridiculous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a newintellectual respectability to the cinema.
Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage.
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). (46)Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’ s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. (47) By splitting an into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control tile dramatic intensity of the s as the story progressed. (48) Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film y of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. (49) His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith’ s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historic philosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’ s running time. (50) From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a little ridiculous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a newintellectual respectability to the cinema.
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【单选题】To keep the wheels of industry, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do with ma...
A.
Population explosion.
B.
Too much consumption.
C.
It is out-dated to reuse things.
D.
High unemployment rate.
【单选题】52（） A.substitute B.charge C.communication D.exchange
A.
International Trade
B.
Since the end of World War II, international trade has developed dramatically. All countries in the modern world join in worldwide trade, through which various sorts of merchandise and (51) materials arc exported in (52) for foreign currency, which means income wealth from (53) and job opportunity at home, and in the meantime, foreign goods are imported to provide consumers with (54) and welcome merchandise. Today, economic interdependence among countries is so (55) that no country can close its doors to the outside world, and the more prosperous the national economy, the more developed the foreign trade. Economic globalization is now a (56) in the world.
C.
But in the past when old and new colonialism ruled the world there was no free and fair trade at all. Powers, (57) the British empire, the United States, Russia, Japan, divided the world into their spheres of influence—their colonies or dependencies, where their businessmen (58) their merchandise at high prices and bought (59) raw materials and labor at low prices. (60) of wealth flowed to these powers which then grew prosperous, (61) the colonies were driven into destitution (贫困). The national economy of colonies was innately defective. Their industries could not survive the overwhelming (62) of imports from the powers. Their monotonous national economy (63) in production of one or two agricultural crops or (64) products or minerals, to be sold in international market, for example, orange and sugarcane in Cuba, banana and coffee in South-America, coal in Poland, all (65) to supply-demand relation in world market under control of the powers. Even their customs were governed by officials from the powers, whose exported goods thus could enter the colonies nearly duty-free. It was after the collapse of colonialist system all over the world that free and fair international trade, at least theoretically, could be possible.
【单选题】The. firm, . shop, . web, . arts, . rec, . info and. nom domains are NOT nm by() A. a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services. B. the US government. C. 88 registrars. D. Inter...
A.
The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself
B.
Companies are paying up to $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.
C.
The task of registering domains ending in. com, org, .edu and. net is at present contracted out by the US government to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions. The contract runs out this year, and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.
D.
But last year, an ad hoc committee of the Internet’s great and good revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organisation using that name. The committee recruited 88 companies around the world to act as registrars for its firm, . shop, . web, . arts, . rec, . info and. nom domains. The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of Registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee.
E.
To prevent conflicting names from being registered, the council will take one name from each registrar in mm before going back for the second name in their queues, and so on. This has led to a flourishing trade, with companies trying to buy a place near the head of the queue. Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure a request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars are charging nonrefundable deposits for places at the top of the queue. David Maher, chairman of the Policy Oversight Committee that is helping to set up and oversee the system, says that all registrars are subject to local laws regarding consumer protection and competition. But he says that the committee "will not act as an enforcement body in this area.\
【单选题】Which of the following sentences is true according to this notice() A．Light refreshments can be found in the room refrigerator. B．Guests are requested to turn down their radios ad televisions after 11...
A.
The management and staff axe happy to welcome you and will do all they can to make your stay an enjoyable one.
B.
Our overnight charge includes a continental type breakfast.
C.
Breakfast: 7:30～9:30 a. m.
D.
Lunch: 12:00～2:00 p.m.
E.
Afternoon tea: 4:00～5:30 p.m.
F.
Dinner: 7:00～9:15 p.m.
G.
Meals can be served in rooms at a small extra charge. We regret that meals can not be served outside these times. Light refreshments including tea, coffee, cakes and sandwiches, can be served in room between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. except during the meal times listed above. Cold drink are given in the room refrigerator.
H.
ROOM CLEANING
I.
Please had the proper sign on your door handle if you do not wish to be interrupted. It will be easier for the maids if you can leave the room for a while at any time between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
J.
VALUABLES
.
We are not responsible for the loss of money, jewelry, or other valuables unless they are kept in the safe and signed for by the manager.
K.
DEPARTURES
L.
Please inform receptionists of your intended leaving before 9:30 a.m. of the day concerned and leave the room by noon to allow for its preparation for in-coming guests. If conditions require, baggage can be left in the charge of the hall porter.
M.
A SPECIAL REQUEST
N.
We would respectfully suggest that in consideration of the comfort of other guests, the volume of radios and televisions should be turned down after 11:00 p.m.
【单选题】A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it (). A. is used both as a cultural and a physical object B. serves different purposes equally well C. is utilized by man D. can be of use t...
A.
To live in the Untied States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’ s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
B.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle(挑战者号航天飞机) and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
C.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an informationbased economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
D.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
【单选题】2（） A.Since B.When C.Because D.While
A.
A manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of a leader is to create (1) to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual understanding.
B.
(2) a manager communicates mostly to (3) information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still (4) them cold. A leader (5) their hearts by combining his vision with their (6) in a common cause.
C.
Most Asian business leaders are instinctively (7) relationship building (8) direct communications. But they don’t use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is (9) , it’s not enough in today’s big business.
D.
(10) their western (11) , they are not so much frightened by mass media’s potential to magnify, distort, and expose. The problem lies more in the (12) of professional support (13) to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is (14) routine chores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wide audiences. The reason primarily that the (15) communications officers are placed quite low in the organizational hierarchy.
E.
Asia’s need for business leaders who are (16) in using mass media to involve the public (17) the economic development dream has never been greater. Television and the print media have an enormous (18) on the public perception of business. Our business leaders have not yet laced an unsympathetic press. They should start now (19) the day may not be too far away (20) they are suddenly forced to enter the perilous arena of public communications.
相关题目：
【单选题】To keep the wheels of industry, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do with ma...
A.
Population explosion.
B.
Too much consumption.
C.
It is out-dated to reuse things.
D.
High unemployment rate.
【单选题】52（） A.substitute B.charge C.communication D.exchange
A.
International Trade
B.
Since the end of World War II, international trade has developed dramatically. All countries in the modern world join in worldwide trade, through which various sorts of merchandise and (51) materials arc exported in (52) for foreign currency, which means income wealth from (53) and job opportunity at home, and in the meantime, foreign goods are imported to provide consumers with (54) and welcome merchandise. Today, economic interdependence among countries is so (55) that no country can close its doors to the outside world, and the more prosperous the national economy, the more developed the foreign trade. Economic globalization is now a (56) in the world.
C.
But in the past when old and new colonialism ruled the world there was no free and fair trade at all. Powers, (57) the British empire, the United States, Russia, Japan, divided the world into their spheres of influence—their colonies or dependencies, where their businessmen (58) their merchandise at high prices and bought (59) raw materials and labor at low prices. (60) of wealth flowed to these powers which then grew prosperous, (61) the colonies were driven into destitution (贫困). The national economy of colonies was innately defective. Their industries could not survive the overwhelming (62) of imports from the powers. Their monotonous national economy (63) in production of one or two agricultural crops or (64) products or minerals, to be sold in international market, for example, orange and sugarcane in Cuba, banana and coffee in South-America, coal in Poland, all (65) to supply-demand relation in world market under control of the powers. Even their customs were governed by officials from the powers, whose exported goods thus could enter the colonies nearly duty-free. It was after the collapse of colonialist system all over the world that free and fair international trade, at least theoretically, could be possible.
【单选题】The. firm, . shop, . web, . arts, . rec, . info and. nom domains are NOT nm by() A. a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services. B. the US government. C. 88 registrars. D. Inter...
A.
The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself
B.
Companies are paying up to $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.
C.
The task of registering domains ending in. com, org, .edu and. net is at present contracted out by the US government to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions. The contract runs out this year, and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.
D.
But last year, an ad hoc committee of the Internet’s great and good revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organisation using that name. The committee recruited 88 companies around the world to act as registrars for its firm, . shop, . web, . arts, . rec, . info and. nom domains. The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of Registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee.
E.
To prevent conflicting names from being registered, the council will take one name from each registrar in mm before going back for the second name in their queues, and so on. This has led to a flourishing trade, with companies trying to buy a place near the head of the queue. Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure a request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars are charging nonrefundable deposits for places at the top of the queue. David Maher, chairman of the Policy Oversight Committee that is helping to set up and oversee the system, says that all registrars are subject to local laws regarding consumer protection and competition. But he says that the committee "will not act as an enforcement body in this area.\
【单选题】Which of the following sentences is true according to this notice() A．Light refreshments can be found in the room refrigerator. B．Guests are requested to turn down their radios ad televisions after 11...
A.
The management and staff axe happy to welcome you and will do all they can to make your stay an enjoyable one.
B.
Our overnight charge includes a continental type breakfast.
C.
Breakfast: 7:30～9:30 a. m.
D.
Lunch: 12:00～2:00 p.m.
E.
Afternoon tea: 4:00～5:30 p.m.
F.
Dinner: 7:00～9:15 p.m.
G.
Meals can be served in rooms at a small extra charge. We regret that meals can not be served outside these times. Light refreshments including tea, coffee, cakes and sandwiches, can be served in room between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. except during the meal times listed above. Cold drink are given in the room refrigerator.
H.
ROOM CLEANING
I.
Please had the proper sign on your door handle if you do not wish to be interrupted. It will be easier for the maids if you can leave the room for a while at any time between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
J.
VALUABLES
.
We are not responsible for the loss of money, jewelry, or other valuables unless they are kept in the safe and signed for by the manager.
K.
DEPARTURES
L.
Please inform receptionists of your intended leaving before 9:30 a.m. of the day concerned and leave the room by noon to allow for its preparation for in-coming guests. If conditions require, baggage can be left in the charge of the hall porter.
M.
A SPECIAL REQUEST
N.
We would respectfully suggest that in consideration of the comfort of other guests, the volume of radios and televisions should be turned down after 11:00 p.m.
【单选题】A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it (). A. is used both as a cultural and a physical object B. serves different purposes equally well C. is utilized by man D. can be of use t...
A.
To live in the Untied States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’ s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
B.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle(挑战者号航天飞机) and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
C.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an informationbased economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
D.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
【单选题】2（） A.Since B.When C.Because D.While
A.
A manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of a leader is to create (1) to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual understanding.
B.
(2) a manager communicates mostly to (3) information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still (4) them cold. A leader (5) their hearts by combining his vision with their (6) in a common cause.
C.
Most Asian business leaders are instinctively (7) relationship building (8) direct communications. But they don’t use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is (9) , it’s not enough in today’s big business.
D.
(10) their western (11) , they are not so much frightened by mass media’s potential to magnify, distort, and expose. The problem lies more in the (12) of professional support (13) to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is (14) routine chores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wide audiences. The reason primarily that the (15) communications officers are placed quite low in the organizational hierarchy.
E.
Asia’s need for business leaders who are (16) in using mass media to involve the public (17) the economic development dream has never been greater. Television and the print media have an enormous (18) on the public perception of business. Our business leaders have not yet laced an unsympathetic press. They should start now (19) the day may not be too far away (20) they are suddenly forced to enter the perilous arena of public communications.
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