Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before world I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary . I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle ( 谜 ), because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities require is self-discipline, quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 21. The first paragraph tells us that the author ________. A) was born to a naturalist’s family B) lost his hearing when he was a child C) didn’t like his brothers and sisters D) was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood ( A ) 22. The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because ________. A) he didn’t live very long with them B) he was fully occupied with observing nature C) he was too young when he lived with them D) the family was extremely large ( D ) 23. It can be inferred from the passage that the author was ________. A) no more than a born naturalist B) a naturalist but not a scientist C) a scientist as well as a naturalist D) first of all a scientist ( C ) 24. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ________. A) lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist B) has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic C) just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries D) comes up with solutions in a most natural way ( B ) 25. According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be ________. A) full of ambition B) full of enthusiasm C) knowledgeable D) self-disciplined ( D ) Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behaviour. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey ( 猎物 ) into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving ( 进化 ) as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelce, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequencer but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival, to be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much r ways of obtaining a meaty meal. 26. The author believes that sporting activities ________. A) are forms of biological development B) are essentially forms of taming the prey C) have actually developed from hunting D) have changed the ways of hunting ( B ) 27. For over a million years, our forefathers were basically ________. A) any member of the opposing team B) the goal-mouth C) the goal keeper D) the football ( C ) 28. For over a million years, our foregathers were basically ________. A) co-operating hunters, B) successful farmers C) runners and jumpers D) skillful sportsmen ( B ) 29. The word “operation” (Para. 4, Line 4) refers to ________. A) domesticating animals B) hunting C) prey killing D) sports activities ( B ) 30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A) It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities. B) Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human beings from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival. C) It is hunting that provides human beings with much r ways of obtaining meaty meals. D) Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival. ( D ) Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passages. The world is known to us through many senses, not just hearing, smell, vision, and at close range, touch and taste. Our skins let us know whether the air is moist or dry, whether suces are wet without being sticky or slippery. From the uniformity of slight pressure, we can be aware how deeply a finger is thrust into water at body temperature, even if the finger is enclosed in a rubber glove that keeps the skin completely dry. Many other animals, with highly sensitive skins, appear to be able to learn still more about their environment. Often they do so without employing any of the five senses. By observing the capabilities of other members of the animal kingdom, we come to realise that a human being has far more possibilities than are utilised. We neglect ever so many of our senses in concentrating on the five major ones. At the same time, a comparison between animals and man draws attention to the limitations of each sense. The part of the spectrum ( 光谱 ) seen by colour-conscious man as red is non-existent for honey-bees. But a bee can see far more in flowers than we, because the ultra-violet ( 紫外线 ) to which our eyes are blind is a stimulating ( 刺激的 ) part of the insect’s spectrum, and, for honey-bees at least, constitutes a separate colour. 31. From the passage, we realise that ________. A) man possesses as many senses as animals B) man possesses a few more senses than animals C) man possesses far more senses than the five major ones D) man has fully utilised his senses ( A ) 32. Which of the following is TRUE? A) The honey-bee is blind to red. B) Man is more colour-conscious than the honey-bee. C) The honey-bee can see far more colours than man. D) Man is sensitive to the ultra-violet. ( B ) 33. We can realise how deeply a finger is put into water at body temperature ________. A) from the sense of direct touch B) through skin contact C) from the even distribution of pressure D) through the difference in temperature ( D ) 34. The phrase “sensitive skins” (Para. 2 Line 6) most probably means ________. A) skins that are sticky or slippery B) skins that are delicate C) skins that are completely dry D) skins that are quick to feel and respond ( A ) 35. What is the main idea of the passage? A) All senses have their limitations. B) Man has not fully utilized all his senses. C) Insects are more sensitive to colours than man. D) Man is not as good as animals in learning about the environment. ( C ) Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American s exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity ( 宣传 ) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer-forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running, remaining the most popular form of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously ( 强有力的 ) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months. 36. According to the passage, what was the percen