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【单选题】

Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints that gorillas may have "theory of mind"--the capacity to attribute mental states to others.
Richard Byrne and Joanne Tanner of St. Andrews University in the UK videoed gorillas at San Francisco Zoo. As well as engaging with a toy and another gorilla, the animals seemed aware of how their playmate was interacting with the toy. "The gorillas could encourage their playmates when they were losing interest by losing the , if necessarily," says Byrne.
This is the first time animals have been observed following a playmate’s interaction with a third object a skill picked up by humans at 9 months old. If you thought your pet dog does this, you’re wrong. With dogs, cats, lions and bears the animal wants to win the , rather than keep it going. Byrne says," This is different to throwing a stick for your pet dog."
Because the gorillas seem to be taking account of the thoughts of others. They are showing some theory of mind competence, says Byrne, although they do not pass a theory-of-mind test called the false belief test, which looks at the ability to infer another’s perspective.
In the false belief test, two individuals are shown playing with a toy, before placing it in a box. After one of them leaves the room, the other person moves the toy and places it in a bag. When the first person re-turns to the room, where will they look for the toy Those with theory of mind--the ability to infer another’s perspective will know that the first person will look in the box. Children younger than 4 or 5 have yet to develop theory of mind and think the person will look in the bag in the false belief test. Similar false belief tests that don’t require language can be set up for animals.
Felix Warneken at Harvard University agrees the study provides "promising evidence" for collaborative behaviour in gorillas. However, Josep Call, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, says he has seen this behaviour in chimpanzees before.
Iona Stewart at ZSL London Zoo, who has been looking after captive gorillas for 13 years, says there is "no question" that gorillas have theory of mind. "Anyone who spends time with gorillas will have known this for years," she says. "Not a day goes by when you don’t see some examples of this sort of behaviour." The typical gorilla’s sense of humour, Stewart says, is schadenfreud. One gorilla she knew would poke a stick at strangers then look the other way and laugh. "If they could whistle, they’d be whistling, but they’re not quite clever enough to get away with it.\
According to Byrne, in the false belief test, ______.

A.
children are showing the same theory of mind competence as gorillas
B.
gorillas will know that the first gorilla will look in the box
C.
animals hardly have the theory-of-the-mind competence
D.
children younger than 4 or 5 years old fail the false belief test
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【单选题】Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints...

A.
gorillas could encourage their playmates to win the game
B.
gorillas could be aware of others’ mental states
C.
kids are observed following others’ interaction with a third object
D.
"theory of mind" is shared between dogs, cats and gorillas

【单选题】Passage Two Five or six years ago, I attended a lecture on the science of attention. A philosopher who conducts research in the medical school was talking about attention blindness, the basic feature ...

A.
seeing one thing while missing all else
B.
the fact that one can’t see what one can’t see
C.
keeping track of just about everything
D.
the condition of being blind to details

【单选题】Passage One Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. Ther...

A.
the gorilla is the biggest
B.
the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan
C.
the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon
D.
the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot

【单选题】The huge growth of global 'ecotourism' industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. O...

A.
have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife
B.
have wild species respond well to contact with humans
C.
make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior
D.
make conservationists more concerned with wildlife

【单选题】Half of world’s primates face extinction Almost 50% of the world’s 634 primate (灵长类动物) species face extinction, according to a report from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Habit...

A.
they make too much noise for people to bear
B.
there is demand for monkey meat and baby monkeys for pets.
C.
they are too small to survive the severe environment.
D.
they are easily tracked down by other big animals.
相关题目:
【单选题】Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints...
A.
gorillas could encourage their playmates to win the game
B.
gorillas could be aware of others’ mental states
C.
kids are observed following others’ interaction with a third object
D.
"theory of mind" is shared between dogs, cats and gorillas
【单选题】Passage Two Five or six years ago, I attended a lecture on the science of attention. A philosopher who conducts research in the medical school was talking about attention blindness, the basic feature ...
A.
seeing one thing while missing all else
B.
the fact that one can’t see what one can’t see
C.
keeping track of just about everything
D.
the condition of being blind to details
【单选题】Passage One Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. Ther...
A.
the gorilla is the biggest
B.
the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan
C.
the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon
D.
the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot
【单选题】The huge growth of global 'ecotourism' industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. O...
A.
have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife
B.
have wild species respond well to contact with humans
C.
make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behavior
D.
make conservationists more concerned with wildlife
【单选题】Half of world’s primates face extinction Almost 50% of the world’s 634 primate (灵长类动物) species face extinction, according to a report from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Habit...
A.
they make too much noise for people to bear
B.
there is demand for monkey meat and baby monkeys for pets.
C.
they are too small to survive the severe environment.
D.
they are easily tracked down by other big animals.
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