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【简答题】

Scientists have learned more about the way cancer spreads from one place in the body to another. Once it spreads, it gets more difficult to treat. Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth. Traditional thinking is that cells simply break off the main cancer, travel through the blood and grow in other organs. But the new findings suggest there is more to this process. Researchers found that cells from the main tumor send out messengers. These prepare the new organ for a secondary tumor (瘤). It works this way. The primary tumor releases proteins called growth factors into the blood. They signal cells at the target organ to produce a sticky protein, called fibronectin. It attaches to the suce of bone marrow (骨髓) cells. The result is a kind of landing area for cancer to arrive and grow into a secondary tumor. The bone marrow cells help make vessels for blood to pass through and feed the cancer cells. The researchers believe that without the bone marrow cells, the tumors could not land on the new organ and grow. Scientists from Cornell University in Ithaca (伊萨卡岛), New York, led the research. The study appeared in the publication Nature. It involved laboratory mice. The researchers killed off bone marrow cells in the animals and replaced them with special new ones. The bone marrow cells were brightly colored, so the researchers could observe them. The mice were then injected with lung cancer cells. The researchers were surprised when the bone marrow cells reached the lungs days before any cancer cells. They found that the bone marrow cells arrived to prepare the lungs for the cancer to spread. Other tests led to similar findings. The researchers believe they would find the same results in humans. They say knowledge of the process could lead to new ways to fight cancer. Cancers can be caused by genetic or environmental conditions, or a combination. There are estimates that about one-third of cancer deaths could be pred if people took better care of themselves. That includes better diet, exercise and no smoking. Researchers recently studied the causes of the seven million cancer deaths worldwide in two thousand one. They linked nine avoidable risks to almost two and one-half million of them. The study led by Harvard researchers in the United States appeared in the Lancet. New findings suggest that the primary tumor send out messengers to prepare ________for cancer to arrive and grow.

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参考答案:
举一反三

【单选题】下列哪项不属于骨髓检查的范围

A.
有无特殊细胞
B.
有无寄生虫
C.
有无转移癌细胞
D.
血小板功能
E.
红细胞形态

【单选题】下列哪种情况骨髓红系增生情况与网织红细胞计数不一致

A.
再障
B.
缺铁性贫血
C.
急性白血病
D.
MDS
E.
自身免疫性溶血性贫血

【单选题】骨髓检查的禁忌证是

A.
晚期妊娠
B.
多发性骨髓瘤
C.
恶性组织细胞病
D.
白血病伴皮肤粘膜出血
E.
原发性血小板减少性紫癜

【单选题】能渗透到骨及骨髓内的抗生素为( )

A.
红霉素
B.
乙酰螺旋霉素
C.
头孢氨苄
D.
克林霉素
E.
阿齐霉素

【单选题】下列关于骨髓的叙述,正确的是()

A.
骨髓仅位于长骨的骨髓腔内
B.
在胎儿和幼儿骨内是红骨髓
C.
在成年人骨内是黄骨髓
D.
成为黄骨髓后不能再转变为红骨髓
E.
变为黄骨髓后仍具有造血功

【单选题】下列哪项不符合骨髓纤维化患者的骨髓检查

A.
常出现干抽
B.
患者骨髓中造血细胞均减少
C.
骨髓病理改变分为早期、中期及晚期
D.
骨髓活检病理切片上可见大量纤维组织增生
E.
中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增加

【单选题】下列哪种骨髓红系增生情况与网织红细胞计数不一致

A.
再生障碍性贫血
B.
缺铁性贫血
C.
急性白血病
D.
骨髓增生异常综合征(MD
相关题目:
【单选题】下列哪项不属于骨髓检查的范围
A.
有无特殊细胞
B.
有无寄生虫
C.
有无转移癌细胞
D.
血小板功能
E.
红细胞形态
【单选题】下列哪种情况骨髓红系增生情况与网织红细胞计数不一致
A.
再障
B.
缺铁性贫血
C.
急性白血病
D.
MDS
E.
自身免疫性溶血性贫血
【单选题】骨髓检查的禁忌证是
A.
晚期妊娠
B.
多发性骨髓瘤
C.
恶性组织细胞病
D.
白血病伴皮肤粘膜出血
E.
原发性血小板减少性紫癜
【单选题】能渗透到骨及骨髓内的抗生素为( )
A.
红霉素
B.
乙酰螺旋霉素
C.
头孢氨苄
D.
克林霉素
E.
阿齐霉素
【单选题】下列关于骨髓的叙述,正确的是()
A.
骨髓仅位于长骨的骨髓腔内
B.
在胎儿和幼儿骨内是红骨髓
C.
在成年人骨内是黄骨髓
D.
成为黄骨髓后不能再转变为红骨髓
E.
变为黄骨髓后仍具有造血功
【单选题】下列哪项不符合骨髓纤维化患者的骨髓检查
A.
常出现干抽
B.
患者骨髓中造血细胞均减少
C.
骨髓病理改变分为早期、中期及晚期
D.
骨髓活检病理切片上可见大量纤维组织增生
E.
中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增加
【单选题】下列哪种骨髓红系增生情况与网织红细胞计数不一致
A.
再生障碍性贫血
B.
缺铁性贫血
C.
急性白血病
D.
骨髓增生异常综合征(MD
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