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3
The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U. S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.
Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% be tween 200 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U. S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.
Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to margin al tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.
Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater fi nancial assets than previous generations.
The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older workers. Among the report’s recommendations Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 80//oo larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate com pensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to pro long the serviceability of older experienced workers.
3The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that______.
A.
there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future
B.
baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output
C.
government policies concerning older people are out-dated
D.
older workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits
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【单选题】1 What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about w...
A.
the non-existence of consensus on the forms the society should take
B.
the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life
C.
the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity
D.
the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
because
B.
if only
C.
although
D.
now that
【单选题】It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that（） A. we cannot find enough advice about jet lag B. people often talk about drugs for jet lag C. Nuvigil is the best drug for jet lag D. if you sleep too much after ...
A.
Jet lag is back on the agenda for business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again.
B.
There is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive sleepiness. Nuvigil’s manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag.
C.
But the approach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. " Why would you take a pill that your body then has to shake off " said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print until she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag.
D.
The book lays out a treatment system for jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the body’s internal clock. The book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at the destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcohol, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that it’s daytime. If it’s morning after flying all night, resist sleep and " flood your eyes with daylight " , they suggest.
E.
While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounced effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort.
F.
In the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the need for in-flight sleep—at least in the business and first—class cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. But at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertainment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium classes. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is nevertheless attainable.
G.
" What do you do if you can’t implement this program ahead of the trip, or if you’ve blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane " she said, " Well, when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better.
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
or
B.
or else
C.
and
D.
but rather
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
presented
B.
offered
C.
indicated
D.
demonstrated
【单选题】The aim of "Noah’s Ark" project is to（） A. implant embryo into a host animal B. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas C. save endangered animals from extinction D. introduce cells from a dead fe...
A.
With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A＆M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called "Noah’s Ark".
B.
Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A＆M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and "I wish them all the best success possible. It’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A＆M—to save animals from extinction. "
C.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
D.
It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
E.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
F.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
G.
"The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem," Kraemer believes. "They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , "adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A＆M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
H.
"They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.
【单选题】18（） A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
A.
In the people’s Republic of China the odd prequake behavior of horses and other animals (1) successfully to warn people that earthquakes (2) . Recently, a group of American geologists and geographers visited China and listened with great interest (3) the scientists there (4) explained how they have been able to predict many earthquakes in the past three years. The American scientists compared the (5) of the unique Chinese program (6) the impact of Chinese acupuncture (7) Western medicine.
B.
The Chinese scientists use (8) but they also monitor strange (9) such as various ground noises, the fluctuation of well-water levels, and the strange behavior of animals. The results are quite interesting, Chinese seismologists, for example, (10) predicted two magnitude 6.9 quakes near the China-Burma (11) on May 9,1976. The seismologists say that their predictions have been (12) precise that they were able to evacuate many of their people (13) an earthquake occurred, (14) saving thousands of lives. (15) , the Chinese experts also admit that there have been some false alarms.
C.
American scientists have (16) stories of unusual prequake animal behavior before, but they (17) them too seriously until their recent visit to China. "Maybe there’s (18) in it", said Jack Everndon, a California scientist. We need some kind of short-term warning. We need something.
D.
He didn’t mention the kind of research he may be considering, "Some of us are thinking it’s (19) enough to give it a serious look," he commented. "Two years ago we (20) that.
相关题目：
【单选题】1 What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about w...
A.
the non-existence of consensus on the forms the society should take
B.
the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life
C.
the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity
D.
the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
because
B.
if only
C.
although
D.
now that
【单选题】It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that（） A. we cannot find enough advice about jet lag B. people often talk about drugs for jet lag C. Nuvigil is the best drug for jet lag D. if you sleep too much after ...
A.
Jet lag is back on the agenda for business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again.
B.
There is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive sleepiness. Nuvigil’s manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag.
C.
But the approach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. " Why would you take a pill that your body then has to shake off " said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print until she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag.
D.
The book lays out a treatment system for jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the body’s internal clock. The book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at the destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcohol, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that it’s daytime. If it’s morning after flying all night, resist sleep and " flood your eyes with daylight " , they suggest.
E.
While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounced effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort.
F.
In the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the need for in-flight sleep—at least in the business and first—class cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. But at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertainment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium classes. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is nevertheless attainable.
G.
" What do you do if you can’t implement this program ahead of the trip, or if you’ve blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane " she said, " Well, when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better.
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
or
B.
or else
C.
and
D.
but rather
【单选题】The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health ...
A.
presented
B.
offered
C.
indicated
D.
demonstrated
【单选题】The aim of "Noah’s Ark" project is to（） A. implant embryo into a host animal B. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas C. save endangered animals from extinction D. introduce cells from a dead fe...
A.
With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A＆M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called "Noah’s Ark".
B.
Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A＆M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and "I wish them all the best success possible. It’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A＆M—to save animals from extinction. "
C.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
D.
It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
E.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
F.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
G.
"The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem," Kraemer believes. "They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , "adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A＆M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
H.
"They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.
【单选题】18（） A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
A.
In the people’s Republic of China the odd prequake behavior of horses and other animals (1) successfully to warn people that earthquakes (2) . Recently, a group of American geologists and geographers visited China and listened with great interest (3) the scientists there (4) explained how they have been able to predict many earthquakes in the past three years. The American scientists compared the (5) of the unique Chinese program (6) the impact of Chinese acupuncture (7) Western medicine.
B.
The Chinese scientists use (8) but they also monitor strange (9) such as various ground noises, the fluctuation of well-water levels, and the strange behavior of animals. The results are quite interesting, Chinese seismologists, for example, (10) predicted two magnitude 6.9 quakes near the China-Burma (11) on May 9,1976. The seismologists say that their predictions have been (12) precise that they were able to evacuate many of their people (13) an earthquake occurred, (14) saving thousands of lives. (15) , the Chinese experts also admit that there have been some false alarms.
C.
American scientists have (16) stories of unusual prequake animal behavior before, but they (17) them too seriously until their recent visit to China. "Maybe there’s (18) in it", said Jack Everndon, a California scientist. We need some kind of short-term warning. We need something.
D.
He didn’t mention the kind of research he may be considering, "Some of us are thinking it’s (19) enough to give it a serious look," he commented. "Two years ago we (20) that.
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