4.War of IndependenceThe American Revolution, also known as the American War for Independence refers to the war which begins in 1775 as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thir former British colonies in North America, and concluded in a global war between several European great powers.After the Seven Years' War ( French and Indian War 1756-1763), the Britain government carried out a series of unpopular policies to control American colonies which greatly affected the colonists’ interest in territorial expansion. Besides, in the Seven Years' War, Britain incurred heavy debts. In order to solve the problems the Britain Parliament passed taxation laws such as Sugar Act and Stamp Act forcing the colonists to pay their share of the cost of the war, which caused large opposition and hostility.The later “Boston Tea Party” made the tension grow. In 1775, the Second Continental Congress organized the Continental Army for independence and in 1776 officially declared independence formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence. The war broke out in 1776 and lasted for more than 6 years. For quite some time, the colonies were in an unfavorable position, for Britain was the most industrialized nation in the world while Americans lacked a well-trained army, officers, equipment and money. However, the American cause was supported by France and other European nations that opposed Britain. Above all, the American soldiers had a high morale which the British soldiers lacked.Situation began to change in 1777. The British government found it difficult to reinforce its troops and supply enough war materials for its army. Supported by France and other European nations, American armies combined with France finally defeated the British army in 1781.After the war, the original thir colonies became the first thir states of the United States. The American Revolution was a unique and radical that produced deep changes and had a profound impact on world affairs, and it also made democratic politics become possible. It overthrew the British colonial rule in North America, which set 13 colonies free from the domination of Britain to become an independent nation.Thus came the widespread assertion of liberty, individual rights, equality and hostility toward corruption which would prove core values of republicanism to Americans. The Revolution had a strong, immediate impact in Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, and France. The example of the first successful revolution against a European empire, and the first successful establishment of a republican form of democratically elected government, provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they also could break away and become self-governing nations.However, the original thir states were determined to have a weak national government and the United States was unable to pay the high debt in incurred during the war.Also the government lacked the means for raising money to provide for national defence and trade. Besides,the Revolution didn’t solve the issues of slavery which caused fundamental economic, political and social differences continued to divide the North and the South and finally caused the American Civil War. 8. When did the American armies combine with France finally defeated the British army?