第二篇

Dorothea Dix left home at an early age-of her own free will-to live with her grand-mother. At four, Dorothea was teaching school at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she established a school for young girls in her grandparents’ home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorothea’s school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three. She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparents’ home, however, when she became ill. A few years of inactivity followed. In 1841 Dorothea began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts, jail. Here, she first came upon insane people locked up together with criminals. In those days insane people were treated even worse than criminals. There were only a few asylums(精神病院)in the entire country. Therefore jails, poorhouses, and houses of correction were used to confine the insane. Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered, unfeminine (不适合女性的)for a woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix in her efforts to provide proper medical care for the insane. Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or re-established in the United Stated because of her efforts. Dorothea also extended her investigations to England and to other parts of Europe. During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent(管理人)of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane people.

What is the meaning of "served as" in the last paragraph