以下神经通路与精神分裂症的病因学有关的是（）

DRD3的Ser/GlyBaⅡ限制性片段多态性

5-HTR2A

PPAR

PGC-1

HLA-A1与精神分裂症呈正相关

情感高涨

情绪不稳

情感倒错

情感淡漠

紧张焦虑

单纯型，青春型，紧张型，偏执型

单纯型，退缩型，紧张型，偏执型

激越型，退缩型，紧张型，偏执型

单纯型，青春型，退缩型，偏执型

激越型，青春型，紧张型，偏执型

神经病

精神病

神经症

人格障碍

精神发育迟滞

一组病因未明的精神疾病

具有思维、情感、行为等多方面的障碍

慢性病患者可有意识障碍

多起病于青壮年，常缓慢起病且病程迁延

一般无智能损害

评论性幻听

议论性幻听

争论性幻听

原始性幻听

命令行幻听

A method to eliminate pathogenic (致病的) bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety—documented since the early 1900’s—have been indicated in a number of studies.

In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yogurt has been known to many households living in hot climate.

What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of antimicrobial substances produced during fermentation. The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated.

Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast (酵母), or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child.Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya, demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban area where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted.

The statements below relate to the passage you have just read. Identify whether they are TRUE or FALSE and mark the corresponding letter (T for True and F for False) on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

情感淡漠

思维频发

意志减退

被动体验

兴趣减退

Cereals can be fermented by adding water and letting the dough stand.

杏仁核─终纹─下丘脑P物质递质通路

黑质─纹状体多巴胺递质系统

下丘脑─中脑中央灰质谷氨酸递质通路

腹侧被盖区─伏隔核多巴胺递质通路

DRD3的Ser/GlyBaⅡ限制性片段多态性

5-HTR2A

PPAR

PGC-1

HLA-A1与精神分裂症呈正相关

情感高涨

情绪不稳

情感倒错

情感淡漠

紧张焦虑

单纯型，青春型，紧张型，偏执型

单纯型，退缩型，紧张型，偏执型

激越型，退缩型，紧张型，偏执型

单纯型，青春型，退缩型，偏执型

激越型，青春型，紧张型，偏执型

神经病

精神病

神经症

人格障碍

精神发育迟滞

一组病因未明的精神疾病

具有思维、情感、行为等多方面的障碍

慢性病患者可有意识障碍

多起病于青壮年，常缓慢起病且病程迁延

一般无智能损害

评论性幻听

议论性幻听

争论性幻听

原始性幻听

命令行幻听

A method to eliminate pathogenic (致病的) bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety—documented since the early 1900’s—have been indicated in a number of studies.

In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yogurt has been known to many households living in hot climate.

What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of antimicrobial substances produced during fermentation. The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated.

Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast (酵母), or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child.Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya, demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban area where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted.

The statements below relate to the passage you have just read. Identify whether they are TRUE or FALSE and mark the corresponding letter (T for True and F for False) on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

情感淡漠

思维频发

意志减退

被动体验

兴趣减退

Cereals can be fermented by adding water and letting the dough stand.

杏仁核─终纹─下丘脑P物质递质通路

黑质─纹状体多巴胺递质系统

下丘脑─中脑中央灰质谷氨酸递质通路

腹侧被盖区─伏隔核多巴胺递质通路