【简答题】
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Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the stress on the participation and getting the insider’s view, anthropologists (61) necessity become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern (62) the people they study, and (63) their attempts to understand and describe people’s behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and others’ ways. () , with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often (65) count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur under certain circumstances; they use this data for empirical studies (66) integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior.
Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps the following two inelegant (67) useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emit refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Epic (68) the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by the Western (69) scientists to explain the world. (70) , the emit view is the insiders’ view. Pierre’s emit view of his death, (71) ,is that he died from the power of the sorcerer (魔术师); anthropologist’s epic view is that he died from physiological effects of fear, (72) by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are (73) for the proper circumstances, but anthropologists requires that they (74) clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, (75) lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthropology’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
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