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【简答题】

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(18分) 菌儿自传 高士其 这一篇文章,是我老老实实的自述,请一位曾直接和我见过几面的人笔记出来的。 我自己不会写字,写出来,就是蚂蚁也看不见。 我也不曾说话,就有一点声音,恐怕苍蝇也听不到。 那么,这位笔记的人,怎样接收我心里所要说的话呢? 那是暂时的一种秘密,恕我不公开吧。 闲话少讲,且说我为什么自称做“菌儿”。 我原想取名为微子,可惜中国的古人,已经用过了这名字,而且我嫌“子”字有点大人气,不如“儿”字谦卑。 自古中国的皇帝,都称为天子。这明明要挟老天爷的声名架子,以号召群众,使小百姓们吓得不敢抬头。古来的圣贤名哲,又都好称为子,什么老子、庄子、孔子、孟子……真是“子”字未免太名贵了,太大模大样了,不如“儿”字来得小巧而逼真。 我的身躯,永远是那么幼小。人家由一粒“细胞”出身,能积成几千,几万,几万万。细胞变成一根青草,一把白菜,一株挂满绿叶的大树,或变成一条蝗蚓,一只蜜蜂,一头大狗,大牛,乃至于大象、大鲸,看得见,摸得着。我呢,也是由一粒细胞出身,虽然分得格外快,格外多,但只恨它们不争气,不团结,所以变来变去,总是那般一盘散沙似的,孤单单的,一颗一颗,又短又细又寒酸。惭愧惭愧,因此今日自命做“菌儿”。为“儿”的原因,是因为小。 至于“菌”字的来历,实在很复杂,很渺茫。屈原所作《离》中,有这么一句:“杂申椒与菌桂兮,岂维纫夫蕙苣。”这里的“菌”,是指一种香木。这位失意的屈先生,拿它来比喻贤者,以讽刺楚王。我的老祖宗,有没有那样清高,那样香气熏人,也无从查考。 不过,现代科学家都已承认,菌是生物中之一大类。菌族菌种,很多很杂,菌子菌孙,布满地球。你们人类所最熟识者,就是煮菜煮面所用的蘑菇香蕈之类,那些像小纸伞似的东西,黑圆圆的盖,硬短短的柄,实是我们菌族里的大汉。当心呀!勿因味美而忘毒,那大菌,有的很不好惹,会毒死你们贪吃的人呀。 至于我,我是菌族里最小最小,最轻最轻的一种。小得使你们肉眼,看得见灰尘的纷飞,看不见我们也夹在里面飘游。轻得我们好几十万挂在苍蝇脚下,它也不觉着重。真的,我比苍蝇的眼睛还小1000倍,比顶小一粒灰尘还轻100倍哩。 因此,自我的始祖,一直传到现在,在生物界中,混了这几千万年,没有人知道有我。大的生物,都没有看见过我,都不知道我的存在。 不知道也罢,我也乐得过着逍逍遥遥的生活,没有人来搅扰。天晓得,后来,偏有一位异想天开的人,把我发现了,我的秘密,就渐渐地泄露出来,从此多事了。 这消息一传到众人的耳朵里,大家都惊惶起来,觉得我比黑暗里的影子还可怕。然而始终没有和我对面会见过,仍然是莫明其妙,恐怖中,总带着半疑半信的态度。 “什么‘微生虫’?没有这回事,自己受了风,所以肚子痛了。” “哪里有什么病虫?这都是心火上冲,所以头上脸上生出疖子疔疮来了。” “寄生虫就说有,也没有那么凑巧,就爬到人身上来,我看,你的病总是湿气太重的缘故。” 这是我亲耳听见过三位中医,对于三位病家所说的话。我在旁暗暗地好笑。 他们的传统观念,病不是风生,就是火起,不是火起,就是水涌上来的,而不知冥冥之中还有我在把持活动。 因为冥冥之中,他们看不见我,所以又疑云疑雨地叫道: “有鬼,有鬼!有狐精,有妖怪!” 其实,哪里来的这些魔物,他们所指的,就是指我,而我却不是鬼,也不是狐精,也不是妖怪。我是真真正正、活活现现、明明白白的一种生物,一种最小最小的生物。 既然也是生物,为什么和人类结下这样深的大仇,天天害人生病,时时人命呢? 说起来也话长,真是我有冤难申,在这一篇自述里面,当然要分辨个明白,那是后文,暂搁不提。 因为一般人,没有亲见过,关于我的身世,都是出于道听途说,传闻失真,对于我未免胡乱地称呼。 虫,虫,虫——寄生虫,病虫,微生虫,都有一个字不对。我根本就不是动物的分支,当不起“虫”字这尊号。 称我为寄生物,为微生物,好吗?太笼统了。配得起这两个名称的,又不止我这一种。 唤我做病毒吗?太没有生气了。我虽小,仍是有生命的啊。 病菌,对不对?那只是我的罪名,病并不是我的职业,只算是我非常时的行动,真是对不起。 是了,是了,微菌是了,细菌是了。那固然是我的正名,却有点科学绅士气,不合于大众的口头语,而且还有点西洋气,把姓名都颠倒了。 菌是我的姓。我是菌中的一族,茵是植物中的一类。 菌字,口之上有草,口之内有禾,十足地表现出植物中的植物。这是寄生植物的本色。 我是寄生植物中最小的儿子,所以自愿称做菌儿。以后你们如果有机缘和我见面,请不必大惊小怪,从容地和我打一个招呼,叫声菌儿好吧。 小题1:文章开头写道:“闲话少讲,且说我为什么自称做‘菌儿’。”作者所谓的“闲话”有什么作用?(4分) 小题2:纵观全文,“菌儿”有哪些特点?(4分) 小题3:结合文意,简要分析画线部分的表达效果。(4分) 小题4:这篇文章在写作风格上有哪些特点和表达效果?试结合文本,加以探究。(6分)

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参考答案:
举一反三

【单选题】"fuss" perhaps means "()". A. unnecessary nervous excitement or activity(大惊小怪) B. happy feelings C. loud noise D. calling for help

A.
Mr. Smith gave his wife ten pounds for her birthday- ten pretty pound notes. So the day after her birthday, Mrs. Smith went shopping. She queued(排队) for a bus, got on and sat down next to an old lady. After a while, she noticed that the old lady’s handbag was open. In- side it se saw a wad(卷叠) of pound notes exactly like the ones her husband had given her. So she quickly looked into her own bag, the notes were gone! Mrs. Smith was sure that the old lady who was sitting next to her had stolen them. She thought she had to call the police, but, as she disliked making a fuss and getting people into trouble, she decided to take back the money from the old lady’s handbag and didn’t say anything. She looked round the bus to make sure nobody was watching, and then she carefully put her hand into the old lady’s bag, took the notes, and put them in her own bag.
B.
When she got home that evening, she showed her husband the beautiful hat she had bought.
C.
"How did you pay for it" he asked.
D.
"With the money you gave me for my birthday, of course," she replied."Oh, what’s that, then" he asked as he pointed to a wad of ten pound on the table.

【单选题】Passage 1(21-25)If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property (房产), who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up...

A.
A.Because a good neighbor can take good care of you.
B.
B.Because a good neighbor can hardly be found these days.
C.
C.Because a good neighbor can help clean your home.
D.
D.Because a good neighbor can support you in various situations.
相关题目:
【单选题】"fuss" perhaps means "()". A. unnecessary nervous excitement or activity(大惊小怪) B. happy feelings C. loud noise D. calling for help
A.
Mr. Smith gave his wife ten pounds for her birthday- ten pretty pound notes. So the day after her birthday, Mrs. Smith went shopping. She queued(排队) for a bus, got on and sat down next to an old lady. After a while, she noticed that the old lady’s handbag was open. In- side it se saw a wad(卷叠) of pound notes exactly like the ones her husband had given her. So she quickly looked into her own bag, the notes were gone! Mrs. Smith was sure that the old lady who was sitting next to her had stolen them. She thought she had to call the police, but, as she disliked making a fuss and getting people into trouble, she decided to take back the money from the old lady’s handbag and didn’t say anything. She looked round the bus to make sure nobody was watching, and then she carefully put her hand into the old lady’s bag, took the notes, and put them in her own bag.
B.
When she got home that evening, she showed her husband the beautiful hat she had bought.
C.
"How did you pay for it" he asked.
D.
"With the money you gave me for my birthday, of course," she replied."Oh, what’s that, then" he asked as he pointed to a wad of ten pound on the table.
【单选题】Passage 1(21-25)If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property (房产), who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up...
A.
A.Because a good neighbor can take good care of you.
B.
B.Because a good neighbor can hardly be found these days.
C.
C.Because a good neighbor can help clean your home.
D.
D.Because a good neighbor can support you in various situations.
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