Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations
for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in
color, to reflect other than absorb the sun’s rays. Desert mammals also depart 62.
from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a continuous body 63.
temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the
body, and which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert .
mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever
height, and the temperature as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured 65.
in Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold
desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall usually low by dawn, as
low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is the advantage since the heat of 66.
the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an
excessive buildup of heat does begin until well into the day. 67.
Another strategy for large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body
water to a place that would be fatal for nonadapted animals. The camel can 68.
lose up to 30% of its body weight as water without harm to itself, when 69.
human beings die after losing only 12% to 13% of their body weight. An
equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish (补充) this water loss
for one drink. The tolerance of water is of obvious advantage in desert, as 70.
animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food by grazed in 71.
sparse and far-firing pastures.

如何将EXCEL生成题库手机刷题

手机使用

复制链接

新浪微博

分享QQ

微信扫一扫

微信内点击右上角“…”即可分享

反馈

参考答案：

举一反三

【单选题】The Indians got their brothers to do something by （） A．telling them what to do B．showing them how to do it C．making them obey the order D．beating them down to lower prices

In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!

Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian’s rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.

It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.

Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

查看完整题目与答案