The passage is primarily concerned with （）

A. the reasons for the Progressive Movement
B. the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War I
C. the causes and contents of the Progressive reform
D. the belief that Americans possessed in their society

This large city does almost no manufacturing and very little wholesale trade. Yet without the important service (1) provides, business everywhere would quickly grind to a (2) . Chaos would reign in all other leading cities. As you have guessed, the "product" we are talking about is government, and the city is the (3) of the United States, Washington, D. C. One out of every two persons (4) in the city works for the federal government.

Washington has many (5) . It leads the nation in level of education achieved by its residents. More than fifteen percent of its adults have had four years or more of college. (6) scientists can be found here than in any other city. Since larger incomes are earned by (7) people, Washington has the highest median income of any city.

Information is the vital force of the city. The Library of Congress (8) the largest and most comprehensive warehouse of information in the world. It contains 74 million items on hundreds of miles of (9) . In addition to books, these (10) include manuscripts, maps, photographs and documents. Papers of the Presidents all the way back to Washington are found here. The library is (11) to the public. It is considered by (12) to be one of the finest in the world. These people study the documents found in libraries.

Washington has many important governmental buildings and historic shrines. (13) include the Capitol building, the White House, the Supreme Court, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is (14) located here. This agency is responsible (15) putting new paper money into circulation. Tens of millions of dollars in money is (16) here every day.

Unlike most cities, which grow in jumbled masses, Washington was planned on paper (17) any of its buildings were erected. The planners incorporated broad open areas around the historic landmarks and buildings. As a result the city is (18) . The central part of the city (19) a huge green park with broad, tree-lined boulevards and splendid (20) of its great structures.

Seventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn’t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district’s racial diversity program. He now (61) the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and (62) to the poor black downtown schools where he (63) in fights. "I’m doing (64) in town. They should just leave it the (65) it is," said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban Jeffersontown High School, (66) he’s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. "Everything is (67) , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I’ll start getting in trouble again," Williams said as he took a (68) from his summer job (69) clothing (70) for poor families.

Last month’s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programs that were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court’s decision has left schools (71) the country (72) to find a way to protect (73) in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest (74) to the ideals of the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education (75) , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already (76) to schools for the (77) year that begins in September, (78) will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years (79) a new plan is (80) place, leaving most students in their current schools.

5 

6 

7 

8

This large city does almost no manufacturing and very little wholesale trade. Yet without the important service (1) provides, business everywhere would quickly grind to a (2) . Chaos would reign in all other leading cities. As you have guessed, the "product" we are talking about is government, and the city is the (3) of the United States, Washington, D. C. One out of every two persons (4) in the city works for the federal government.

Washington has many (5) . It leads the nation in level of education achieved by its residents. More than fifteen percent of its adults have had four years or more of college. (6) scientists can be found here than in any other city. Since larger incomes are earned by (7) people, Washington has the highest median income of any city.

Information is the vital force of the city. The Library of Congress (8) the largest and most comprehensive warehouse of information in the world. It contains 74 million items on hundreds of miles of (9) . In addition to books, these (10) include manuscripts, maps, photographs and documents. Papers of the Presidents all the way back to Washington are found here. The library is (11) to the public. It is considered by (12) to be one of the finest in the world. These people study the documents found in libraries.

Washington has many important governmental buildings and historic shrines. (13) include the Capitol building, the White House, the Supreme Court, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is (14) located here. This agency is responsible (15) putting new paper money into circulation. Tens of millions of dollars in money is (16) here every day.

Unlike most cities, which grow in jumbled masses, Washington was planned on paper (17) any of its buildings were erected. The planners incorporated broad open areas around the historic landmarks and buildings. As a result the city is (18) . The central part of the city (19) a huge green park with broad, tree-lined boulevards and splendid (20) of its great structures.

Seventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn’t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district’s racial diversity program. He now (61) the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and (62) to the poor black downtown schools where he (63) in fights. "I’m doing (64) in town. They should just leave it the (65) it is," said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban Jeffersontown High School, (66) he’s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. "Everything is (67) , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I’ll start getting in trouble again," Williams said as he took a (68) from his summer job (69) clothing (70) for poor families.

Last month’s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programs that were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court’s decision has left schools (71) the country (72) to find a way to protect (73) in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest (74) to the ideals of the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education (75) , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already (76) to schools for the (77) year that begins in September, (78) will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years (79) a new plan is (80) place, leaving most students in their current schools.

Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.

While it’s true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven’t begun to specialize.

Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells-brain cells in Alzheimer’s, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.

It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem ceils and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can’t be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.

The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.

For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.

Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells., the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure.

Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society, with "making it over," and between the 1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform spirit intensified. More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly, to impose order on a confusing world, and, especially, to create a conflict-free society. Their efforts, inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence, helped what can be called the Progressive era. The urge for reform had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity, awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods. But it had also included labor struggle, waste of natural resources, and abuse of corporate power. Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods, services, and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and political corruption. Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes. And the depression that crippled the nation in the 1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time: the central promise of American life was not being kept; equality of opportunity-whether economic, political, or social--was a myth.

Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes. First, they sought to end abuses of power. Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools, charities, medical clinics, and the family. Third, progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic, social, and political institutions, to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation, especially, between business and government, that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.

Befitting their name, progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world. More than ever before, Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.

lack it

absent

in need of it

wanting

fare

fund

deposit

deal

This large city does almost no manufacturing and very little wholesale trade. Yet without the important service (1) provides, business everywhere would quickly grind to a (2) . Chaos would reign in all other leading cities. As you have guessed, the "product" we are talking about is government, and the city is the (3) of the United States, Washington, D. C. One out of every two persons (4) in the city works for the federal government.

Washington has many (5) . It leads the nation in level of education achieved by its residents. More than fifteen percent of its adults have had four years or more of college. (6) scientists can be found here than in any other city. Since larger incomes are earned by (7) people, Washington has the highest median income of any city.

Information is the vital force of the city. The Library of Congress (8) the largest and most comprehensive warehouse of information in the world. It contains 74 million items on hundreds of miles of (9) . In addition to books, these (10) include manuscripts, maps, photographs and documents. Papers of the Presidents all the way back to Washington are found here. The library is (11) to the public. It is considered by (12) to be one of the finest in the world. These people study the documents found in libraries.

Washington has many important governmental buildings and historic shrines. (13) include the Capitol building, the White House, the Supreme Court, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is (14) located here. This agency is responsible (15) putting new paper money into circulation. Tens of millions of dollars in money is (16) here every day.

Unlike most cities, which grow in jumbled masses, Washington was planned on paper (17) any of its buildings were erected. The planners incorporated broad open areas around the historic landmarks and buildings. As a result the city is (18) . The central part of the city (19) a huge green park with broad, tree-lined boulevards and splendid (20) of its great structures.

Seventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn’t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district’s racial diversity program. He now (61) the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and (62) to the poor black downtown schools where he (63) in fights. "I’m doing (64) in town. They should just leave it the (65) it is," said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban Jeffersontown High School, (66) he’s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. "Everything is (67) , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I’ll start getting in trouble again," Williams said as he took a (68) from his summer job (69) clothing (70) for poor families.

Last month’s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programs that were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court’s decision has left schools (71) the country (72) to find a way to protect (73) in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest (74) to the ideals of the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education (75) , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already (76) to schools for the (77) year that begins in September, (78) will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years (79) a new plan is (80) place, leaving most students in their current schools.

5 

6 

7 

8

This large city does almost no manufacturing and very little wholesale trade. Yet without the important service (1) provides, business everywhere would quickly grind to a (2) . Chaos would reign in all other leading cities. As you have guessed, the "product" we are talking about is government, and the city is the (3) of the United States, Washington, D. C. One out of every two persons (4) in the city works for the federal government.

Washington has many (5) . It leads the nation in level of education achieved by its residents. More than fifteen percent of its adults have had four years or more of college. (6) scientists can be found here than in any other city. Since larger incomes are earned by (7) people, Washington has the highest median income of any city.

Information is the vital force of the city. The Library of Congress (8) the largest and most comprehensive warehouse of information in the world. It contains 74 million items on hundreds of miles of (9) . In addition to books, these (10) include manuscripts, maps, photographs and documents. Papers of the Presidents all the way back to Washington are found here. The library is (11) to the public. It is considered by (12) to be one of the finest in the world. These people study the documents found in libraries.

Washington has many important governmental buildings and historic shrines. (13) include the Capitol building, the White House, the Supreme Court, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is (14) located here. This agency is responsible (15) putting new paper money into circulation. Tens of millions of dollars in money is (16) here every day.

Unlike most cities, which grow in jumbled masses, Washington was planned on paper (17) any of its buildings were erected. The planners incorporated broad open areas around the historic landmarks and buildings. As a result the city is (18) . The central part of the city (19) a huge green park with broad, tree-lined boulevards and splendid (20) of its great structures.

Seventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn’t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district’s racial diversity program. He now (61) the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and (62) to the poor black downtown schools where he (63) in fights. "I’m doing (64) in town. They should just leave it the (65) it is," said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban Jeffersontown High School, (66) he’s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. "Everything is (67) , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I’ll start getting in trouble again," Williams said as he took a (68) from his summer job (69) clothing (70) for poor families.

Last month’s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programs that were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court’s decision has left schools (71) the country (72) to find a way to protect (73) in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest (74) to the ideals of the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education (75) , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already (76) to schools for the (77) year that begins in September, (78) will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years (79) a new plan is (80) place, leaving most students in their current schools.

Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.

While it’s true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven’t begun to specialize.

Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells-brain cells in Alzheimer’s, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.

It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem ceils and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can’t be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.

The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.

For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.

Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells., the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure.

Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society, with "making it over," and between the 1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform spirit intensified. More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly, to impose order on a confusing world, and, especially, to create a conflict-free society. Their efforts, inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence, helped what can be called the Progressive era. The urge for reform had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity, awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods. But it had also included labor struggle, waste of natural resources, and abuse of corporate power. Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods, services, and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and political corruption. Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes. And the depression that crippled the nation in the 1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time: the central promise of American life was not being kept; equality of opportunity-whether economic, political, or social--was a myth.

Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes. First, they sought to end abuses of power. Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools, charities, medical clinics, and the family. Third, progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic, social, and political institutions, to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation, especially, between business and government, that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.

Befitting their name, progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world. More than ever before, Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.

lack it

absent

in need of it

wanting

fare

fund

deposit

deal