Confucius said in jie, Confucius’s Family Talks,“if the manager could concern sadness, worries, toil, fear, er and also concern the mediocre, the scholars, the gentlemen and the virtuous, then he would manage his political affairs well.孔子在《孔子家语 五仪解》中认为管理者能思哀、思忧、思劳、思惧、思危，又少留意于庸人、士人、君子、贤人，圣人五仪之事，则于政治何有失矣（ ）