Men who bottle up their anger at being unfairly treated at work are up to five times more likely to (47) a heart attack, or even die from one, than those who let their (48) show, a Swedish study has found.
The study followed 2,755 employed men who had not suffered any heart attacks from 1992 to 2003. At the end of the study, 47 (49) had either suffered an attack, or died from heart disease, and many of those had been found to be "covertly coping" with unfair (50) at work.
"After adjustment for age, socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, job (51) and biological risk factors at baseline(基线 ), there was a close-response relationship between covert coping and the risk of incident myocardial infarction (心肌梗塞) or cardiac death," the study’s authors wrote. Covert coping was listed as "letting thing pass without saying anything" and "going away" (52) feelings of being hard done by colleagues or bosses.
Men who often used these coping techniques had a two to fivefold higher risk of developing heart disease than those who were more (53) at work, the study showed.
The researchers said they could not answer the question of what might be a particularly healthy coping (54) at work, but listed open coping behavior when (55) unfair treatment or facing a (56) as "protesting directly," "talking to the person right away," "yelling at the person right away" or "speaking to the person later when things have calmed down."