二、阅读( 2*9=16 ) A The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations, each with its own language. Yet the number of native Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century. Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages. Since the late 1800s, many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian famlies to send their children to such schools. The children were separated from their families, and given English names. The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things. However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members. At least one organization is turning to modern technology. The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language. The “Learning Tlingit” app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters. The Tlingit tribe has about 10,000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. In addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit. Currently, there are two apps, called “Learning Tlingit” and “Tlingit Language s”. The “Learning Tlingit” app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the “Tlingit Language s” app , users are given a choice of different places or environments, like a house, forest or ocean. 1. What is the problem the native Americans are facing now? A. The number of native Americans has been increasing. B. Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language. C. Their native language has been extinct. D. It’s hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages. 2. What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English? A. They will get better jobs and higher pay. B. They will teach their own children to speak English. C. They will lose their history and culture. D. They will get along well with the government. 3. What can we know about Tlingit? A. It can help the native people know some language topics. B. It can help the native people earn money and buy a house or nice things. C. It is a very popular app among the native speakers. D. It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. American Indian tribes’ efforts to increase native speakers. B. Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages. C. Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life. D. The popularity of the language learning apps. B A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol, cigarettes and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth's School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents( 应答者 )aged 21 to 65 about the proportion ( 比例) of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness( 侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible greenspace contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent’s view was greenery. Previous scholarship( 字术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90-minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don t have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. “It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person’s well-being,” lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement. “But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research.” A 2018 study from Denmark's Aarhus University, for example, found that having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a person's risk of developing mental health problems as an . 5. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The results of the new study. B. The purpose of the new study. C. The significance of the new study. D. The content of the new study. 6. What does the underlined word “combatting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Reducing. B. Developing. C. Understanding. D. Encouraging. 7. According, to the passage, the new study _______ . A. mainly referred to exercise in nature B. has enriched the previous research to some degree C. was earned out by the University of Michigan D. found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems 8. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A. Entertainment B. Business World C. Tech & Science D. Environment