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【简答题】

With the rapid development of economy, our society is, in general, becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery nowadays. The oiling is often done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not completely alter the fact that man has become more and more powerless, and then that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and white-collar workers have become even economic puppets who dance to the tune of automatic machines and bureaucratic management.
Both the worker and employee are very anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life at all. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelce as well as submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along with, ect. This needs to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor create constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineth-century "free enterprise" capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption end in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of all love and reason--are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be pred from ruling man.

According to the author, what are the final aims of the social reform()

With the rapid development of economy, our society is, in general, becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery nowadays. The oiling is often done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not completely alter the fact that man has become more and more powerless, and then that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and white-collar workers have become even economic puppets who dance to the tune of automatic machines and bureaucratic management.
Both the worker and employee are very anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life at all. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelce as well as submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along with, ect. This needs to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor create constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineth-century "free enterprise" capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption end in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of all love and reason--are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be pred from ruling man.

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参考答案:
举一反三

【多选题】官僚主义主要表现为()。

A.
讲究排场、玩风盛行
B.
脱离实际、脱离群众
C.
消极应付、推诿扯皮
D.
作风霸道、迷恋特权

【单选题】In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher...

A.
resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B.
offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C.
enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D.
take the fundamental realities for granted
相关题目:
【多选题】官僚主义主要表现为()。
A.
讲究排场、玩风盛行
B.
脱离实际、脱离群众
C.
消极应付、推诿扯皮
D.
作风霸道、迷恋特权
【单选题】In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher...
A.
resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B.
offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C.
enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D.
take the fundamental realities for granted
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