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CONVERSATION 1 (Questions 1-4)
Monique has been in London for (1) days.
Monique is taking the English course to improve her (2) English and to see (3) .
Monique is living in a (4) .
CONVERSATION 1 (Questions 1-4)(1) should be filled in （） CONVERSATION 1 (Questions 1-4)
Monique has been in London for (1) days.
Monique is taking the English course to improve her (2) English and to see (3) .
Monique is living in a (4) .
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【单选题】Which of the following is NOT the problem a smallholder of rubber business has to face in Malaysia(). A. Financial problems. B. Boredom. C. Fatigue. D. Lack of insurance schemes.
A.
Chairperson: Good evening ladles and gentlemen. It’s nice to see so many of you here. Well, I’d like to introduce our two guests this evening: Mr. Andrew Frobisher, who has spent many years in Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s and knows the country very well indeed. And, on my right, Mr. Harry Benson who’s an agricultural economist.
B.
Benson: Good evening.
C.
Frobisher: Good evening.
D.
Chairperson: Well, erm ... the purpose of this evening is to find out more about that fascinating substance, rubber, and the effects that it has on that fascinating country, Malaysia, Erm erm ... I believe erm ... er Mr. Frohisher, erm ... that Malaysia is at the same time an extremely rich and rather poor country. Erm ... how is this possible
E.
Frobisher: Yes, well, that’s quite true, Monica. Malaysia’s population is by now over 13 million, and er per head o... on paper the citizens are richer than those of the UK. But...
F.
Benson: But of course that wealth is not so evenly distributed. In fact in 1981, it was estimated that 37% of the population were below the poverty line...
G.
Frobisher: Yeah, well ... whatever that means ... and anyway shouldn’t it be, er, was below the poverty line.
H.
Benson: Yes, of course. Sorry, Andrew.
I.
Frobisher: Yes, well, erm ... as I was saying, much of Malaysia’s wealth is based on rubber. Now I remember my planting days...
J.
Benson: Yes, yes, yes, you’re quite right there Andrew. Rubber represents about 20% of the Gross National Product and 30% of export earnings. This puts Malaysia in a very good position internationally since rubber is an example of what we might call a "post-industrial industry".
.
Frobisher: Well, what do you mean by that
K.
Benson: Er ... excuse me ... yes, what does that mean
L.
Frobisher: What is a pest-industrial erm ... society
M.
Benson: Manufacturing industries are based on fossil fuels, for example, coal and oil. Now, the problem is that these will not last forever. They are finite. Sooner or later they will run out! Now, rubber is a natural product. The energy source involved in its creation is sunlight. Now sunlight, we hope, will outlast coal and oil, and best of all, sunlight is free. So, it is much cheaper to produce natural rubber which as we all know comes from trees, than to use up all those fossil fuels, both as fuels and as raw materials, in making synthetic rubber in factories. Rubber is one of the world’s strategic products, so you can see what a good position Malaysia is in, and it would help if she could produce more...
N.
Chairperson: Er ... well, what stands in the way then
.
Frobisher: Ah, well, well it’s the way they go about cultivating it. You see, I remember in my day just after...
.
Benson: Yes, most people have this image of vast estates, centrally run, but that’s just not the case, even if almost a quarter of the population is involved, one way or another, with the production of rubber ...
.
Frobisher: Yeah well, that’s if you count the families...
.
Benson: Oh, yes, yes, yes, almost 3 million people are involved, but the picture is a very fragmented one. Do you realize that there are 2 million hectares of land under cultivation for rubber in Malaysia, but that 70% of this area is divided among smallholders-half a million of them-who between them produce 60% of the country’ s rubber
.
Frobisher: Well, there’s nothing wrong with that i ... in terms of quality of life, though I remember, yes, quite right ... just after the war there was...
.
Benson: Yes, quite right. But being a smallholder does present problems. For example, when it comes to replacing old trees-you’ll know about this, Andrew-and the average useful life of a rubber tree is about 30 years, this can cause financial problems for the small farmer. The problem is being tackled, however, by some very enlightened insurance schemes available to the smallholder which can give him help through the difficult year. After all, the new trees take some years to mature and start producing rubber.
.
Frobisher: Yes, indeed they do. I ... I ...
.
Benson: Look, I’ve got an overhead projection here, which I think will be useful to make the various problems and their solutions dearer to us all.
.
Frobisher: Overhead projection. There wasn’t anything wrong with the blackboard in my time, you know...
.
Benson: No, but this is clearer and neater and up-to-date. So, here you see a summary of the position of rubber in Malaysia’s economy and here is the first problem, and the solution that has been found through these insurance schemes.
.
Chairperson: Hm, yes, I see. That’s really very clear.
.
Benson: Now for the second and really major problem.
.
Frobiseher: And may I ask what that is
.
Benson: Boredom and fatigue.
.
Frobisher: Boredom and fatigue What
.
Chairperson: What do you mean by that
.
Benson: Well, as with so many societies, the young people are leaving the land for the cities, leaving no one behind to carry on their parents’ business. The root cause seems to be simple, boredom. Rubber is just not that entertaining a product to be involved with. It is labour-intensive in the extreme. Each tree on a plantation has to be tapped, by hand, every other day.
.
Chairperson: Tapped
.
Benson: Yes.
.
Frobisher: Yes, well, we...
【单选题】At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon’s life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After din...
A.
[A] The system has given equal opportunities to students.
B.
The system has reduced the number of cram schools.
C.
The system has intensified competition among schools.
D.
The system has increased students’ study load.
【单选题】Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc ...
A.
At one point, the plane passed over a tiny island filled with pelicans. Louisiana’s state bird. Booms, which are meant to help block off, retain and skim off the oil, have been placed around the island. But they are, it seems, of little use. In various sections, they have been pushed by wind and water onto the shoreline. Experts say many types of booms only work in calm weather conditions. The past few days have been marked with fierce winds and rain.
B.
Booms arc the most common containment method being used so far. But Barry Kohl, an adjunct professor of earth and environmental sciences at Tulane University, in New Orleans, says that even in the best weather conditions, skimming will remove only between 10% and 15% of the oil from the water’s surface. Another strategy that officials are trying: spraying dispersants — chemicals used to break up the oil — onto the water’s surface, or injecting it thousands of feet below water. The dispersants cause the oil to sink to the bottom of the sea. But experts warn that dispersants will also kill the plankton on which shrimp and fish depend for food. So far, the authorities haven’t clarified what chemical dispersants are being used. "We don’t know what happens to the oil once it’s dispersed, "Kohl says.
C.
"You see the stuff to the left" Panepinto asked, pointing to the long red and orange, sometimes brown, streaks. "That there is the oil. "The crude, which comes out of the wells black, has essentially emulsified, partly from having been exposed to the sunlight for so much time. By the time it reaches the shore, probably in the next day or so, it will likely be brown, like chocolate. Each day, the streaks will become less and less of a sheen, and more of a gummy substance. From the plane, you could see that it was approaching a massive school of flounder. "It’s like they’re swimming toward death, " Panepinto said. On the other side of what looked like a massive contagion were the shrimpers, lowering a boom onto the water. "What they’re doing is ’hopeless’ , " Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club, says of the shrimpers.
D.
Minutes later, the plane was flying over the man-made Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, created nearly half a century ago partly to give large shipping vessels another route to travel between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. Much of the water that flooded New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina came from MRGO. Much of the nearby marsh was destroyed — and with it, one of the last lines of defense for New Orleans against the Gulf’s water. If and when the oil hits land, it may kill much of the remaining vegetation that holds the soil together — one more reason New Orleans and folks on dry land are concerned about the spill’s effects.
【单选题】The conversation is primarily concerned with (). A. the development of the rubber industry in Malaysia B. the impact of rubber industry on Malaysia C. the uneven distribution of wealth in Malaysia D. ...
A.
Chairperson: Good evening ladles and gentlemen. It’s nice to see so many of you here. Well, I’d like to introduce our two guests this evening: Mr. Andrew Frobisher, who has spent many years in Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s and knows the country very well indeed. And, on my right, Mr. Harry Benson who’s an agricultural economist.
B.
Benson: Good evening.
C.
Frobisher: Good evening.
D.
Chairperson: Well, erm ... the purpose of this evening is to find out more about that fascinating substance, rubber, and the effects that it has on that fascinating country, Malaysia, Erm erm ... I believe erm ... er Mr. Frohisher, erm ... that Malaysia is at the same time an extremely rich and rather poor country. Erm ... how is this possible
E.
Frobisher: Yes, well, that’s quite true, Monica. Malaysia’s population is by now over 13 million, and er per head o... on paper the citizens are richer than those of the UK. But...
F.
Benson: But of course that wealth is not so evenly distributed. In fact in 1981, it was estimated that 37% of the population were below the poverty line...
G.
Frobisher: Yeah, well ... whatever that means ... and anyway shouldn’t it be, er, was below the poverty line.
H.
Benson: Yes, of course. Sorry, Andrew.
I.
Frobisher: Yes, well, erm ... as I was saying, much of Malaysia’s wealth is based on rubber. Now I remember my planting days...
J.
Benson: Yes, yes, yes, you’re quite right there Andrew. Rubber represents about 20% of the Gross National Product and 30% of export earnings. This puts Malaysia in a very good position internationally since rubber is an example of what we might call a "post-industrial industry".
.
Frobisher: Well, what do you mean by that
K.
Benson: Er ... excuse me ... yes, what does that mean
L.
Frobisher: What is a pest-industrial erm ... society
M.
Benson: Manufacturing industries are based on fossil fuels, for example, coal and oil. Now, the problem is that these will not last forever. They are finite. Sooner or later they will run out! Now, rubber is a natural product. The energy source involved in its creation is sunlight. Now sunlight, we hope, will outlast coal and oil, and best of all, sunlight is free. So, it is much cheaper to produce natural rubber which as we all know comes from trees, than to use up all those fossil fuels, both as fuels and as raw materials, in making synthetic rubber in factories. Rubber is one of the world’s strategic products, so you can see what a good position Malaysia is in, and it would help if she could produce more...
N.
Chairperson: Er ... well, what stands in the way then
.
Frobisher: Ah, well, well it’s the way they go about cultivating it. You see, I remember in my day just after...
.
Benson: Yes, most people have this image of vast estates, centrally run, but that’s just not the case, even if almost a quarter of the population is involved, one way or another, with the production of rubber ...
.
Frobisher: Yeah well, that’s if you count the families...
.
Benson: Oh, yes, yes, yes, almost 3 million people are involved, but the picture is a very fragmented one. Do you realize that there are 2 million hectares of land under cultivation for rubber in Malaysia, but that 70% of this area is divided among smallholders-half a million of them-who between them produce 60% of the country’ s rubber
.
Frobisher: Well, there’s nothing wrong with that i ... in terms of quality of life, though I remember, yes, quite right ... just after the war there was...
.
Benson: Yes, quite right. But being a smallholder does present problems. For example, when it comes to replacing old trees-you’ll know about this, Andrew-and the average useful life of a rubber tree is about 30 years, this can cause financial problems for the small farmer. The problem is being tackled, however, by some very enlightened insurance schemes available to the smallholder which can give him help through the difficult year. After all, the new trees take some years to mature and start producing rubber.
.
Frobisher: Yes, indeed they do. I ... I ...
.
Benson: Look, I’ve got an overhead projection here, which I think will be useful to make the various problems and their solutions dearer to us all.
.
Frobisher: Overhead projection. There wasn’t anything wrong with the blackboard in my time, you know...
.
Benson: No, but this is clearer and neater and up-to-date. So, here you see a summary of the position of rubber in Malaysia’s economy and here is the first problem, and the solution that has been found through these insurance schemes.
.
Chairperson: Hm, yes, I see. That’s really very clear.
.
Benson: Now for the second and really major problem.
.
Frobiseher: And may I ask what that is
.
Benson: Boredom and fatigue.
.
Frobisher: Boredom and fatigue What
.
Chairperson: What do you mean by that
.
Benson: Well, as with so many societies, the young people are leaving the land for the cities, leaving no one behind to carry on their parents’ business. The root cause seems to be simple, boredom. Rubber is just not that entertaining a product to be involved with. It is labour-intensive in the extreme. Each tree on a plantation has to be tapped, by hand, every other day.
.
Chairperson: Tapped
.
Benson: Yes.
.
Frobisher: Yes, well, we...
【单选题】Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc ...
A.
At one point, the plane passed over a tiny island filled with pelicans. Louisiana’s state bird. Booms, which are meant to help block off, retain and skim off the oil, have been placed around the island. But they are, it seems, of little use. In various sections, they have been pushed by wind and water onto the shoreline. Experts say many types of booms only work in calm weather conditions. The past few days have been marked with fierce winds and rain.
B.
Booms arc the most common containment method being used so far. But Barry Kohl, an adjunct professor of earth and environmental sciences at Tulane University, in New Orleans, says that even in the best weather conditions, skimming will remove only between 10% and 15% of the oil from the water’s surface. Another strategy that officials are trying: spraying dispersants — chemicals used to break up the oil — onto the water’s surface, or injecting it thousands of feet below water. The dispersants cause the oil to sink to the bottom of the sea. But experts warn that dispersants will also kill the plankton on which shrimp and fish depend for food. So far, the authorities haven’t clarified what chemical dispersants are being used. "We don’t know what happens to the oil once it’s dispersed, "Kohl says.
C.
"You see the stuff to the left" Panepinto asked, pointing to the long red and orange, sometimes brown, streaks. "That there is the oil. "The crude, which comes out of the wells black, has essentially emulsified, partly from having been exposed to the sunlight for so much time. By the time it reaches the shore, probably in the next day or so, it will likely be brown, like chocolate. Each day, the streaks will become less and less of a sheen, and more of a gummy substance. From the plane, you could see that it was approaching a massive school of flounder. "It’s like they’re swimming toward death, " Panepinto said. On the other side of what looked like a massive contagion were the shrimpers, lowering a boom onto the water. "What they’re doing is ’hopeless’ , " Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club, says of the shrimpers.
D.
Minutes later, the plane was flying over the man-made Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, created nearly half a century ago partly to give large shipping vessels another route to travel between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. Much of the water that flooded New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina came from MRGO. Much of the nearby marsh was destroyed — and with it, one of the last lines of defense for New Orleans against the Gulf’s water. If and when the oil hits land, it may kill much of the remaining vegetation that holds the soil together — one more reason New Orleans and folks on dry land are concerned about the spill’s effects.
【单选题】At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon’s life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After din...
A.
[A] require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.
B.
reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.
C.
select students on their high school grades only.
D.
reduce the number of prospective college applicants.
【单选题】Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as t...
A.
education is beneficial to mental development
B.
education protects the brain from shrinking
C.
education has a protective effect against mental decline
D.
education affects overall brain structures
【单选题】56（） A. had to jump B. was to have jumped C. must have jumped D. could be jumped
A.
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (41) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (42) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (43) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (44) earlier than usual. When I (45) my cabin, I was surprised (46) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (47) but there was a suitcase (48) mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in, He was the sort of man you might meet (49) , except that he was wearing (50) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (51) whoever he was and did not say (52) . As I had expected, he ’did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
B.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (53) , as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (54) was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten (55) the door, so I got up (56) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite, I crossed the room and (57) the moon shone through it on to the other bed (58) . there. It took me a minute or two to (59) the door myself. I realized that my companion (60) through the window into the sea.
相关题目：
【单选题】Which of the following is NOT the problem a smallholder of rubber business has to face in Malaysia(). A. Financial problems. B. Boredom. C. Fatigue. D. Lack of insurance schemes.
A.
Chairperson: Good evening ladles and gentlemen. It’s nice to see so many of you here. Well, I’d like to introduce our two guests this evening: Mr. Andrew Frobisher, who has spent many years in Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s and knows the country very well indeed. And, on my right, Mr. Harry Benson who’s an agricultural economist.
B.
Benson: Good evening.
C.
Frobisher: Good evening.
D.
Chairperson: Well, erm ... the purpose of this evening is to find out more about that fascinating substance, rubber, and the effects that it has on that fascinating country, Malaysia, Erm erm ... I believe erm ... er Mr. Frohisher, erm ... that Malaysia is at the same time an extremely rich and rather poor country. Erm ... how is this possible
E.
Frobisher: Yes, well, that’s quite true, Monica. Malaysia’s population is by now over 13 million, and er per head o... on paper the citizens are richer than those of the UK. But...
F.
Benson: But of course that wealth is not so evenly distributed. In fact in 1981, it was estimated that 37% of the population were below the poverty line...
G.
Frobisher: Yeah, well ... whatever that means ... and anyway shouldn’t it be, er, was below the poverty line.
H.
Benson: Yes, of course. Sorry, Andrew.
I.
Frobisher: Yes, well, erm ... as I was saying, much of Malaysia’s wealth is based on rubber. Now I remember my planting days...
J.
Benson: Yes, yes, yes, you’re quite right there Andrew. Rubber represents about 20% of the Gross National Product and 30% of export earnings. This puts Malaysia in a very good position internationally since rubber is an example of what we might call a "post-industrial industry".
.
Frobisher: Well, what do you mean by that
K.
Benson: Er ... excuse me ... yes, what does that mean
L.
Frobisher: What is a pest-industrial erm ... society
M.
Benson: Manufacturing industries are based on fossil fuels, for example, coal and oil. Now, the problem is that these will not last forever. They are finite. Sooner or later they will run out! Now, rubber is a natural product. The energy source involved in its creation is sunlight. Now sunlight, we hope, will outlast coal and oil, and best of all, sunlight is free. So, it is much cheaper to produce natural rubber which as we all know comes from trees, than to use up all those fossil fuels, both as fuels and as raw materials, in making synthetic rubber in factories. Rubber is one of the world’s strategic products, so you can see what a good position Malaysia is in, and it would help if she could produce more...
N.
Chairperson: Er ... well, what stands in the way then
.
Frobisher: Ah, well, well it’s the way they go about cultivating it. You see, I remember in my day just after...
.
Benson: Yes, most people have this image of vast estates, centrally run, but that’s just not the case, even if almost a quarter of the population is involved, one way or another, with the production of rubber ...
.
Frobisher: Yeah well, that’s if you count the families...
.
Benson: Oh, yes, yes, yes, almost 3 million people are involved, but the picture is a very fragmented one. Do you realize that there are 2 million hectares of land under cultivation for rubber in Malaysia, but that 70% of this area is divided among smallholders-half a million of them-who between them produce 60% of the country’ s rubber
.
Frobisher: Well, there’s nothing wrong with that i ... in terms of quality of life, though I remember, yes, quite right ... just after the war there was...
.
Benson: Yes, quite right. But being a smallholder does present problems. For example, when it comes to replacing old trees-you’ll know about this, Andrew-and the average useful life of a rubber tree is about 30 years, this can cause financial problems for the small farmer. The problem is being tackled, however, by some very enlightened insurance schemes available to the smallholder which can give him help through the difficult year. After all, the new trees take some years to mature and start producing rubber.
.
Frobisher: Yes, indeed they do. I ... I ...
.
Benson: Look, I’ve got an overhead projection here, which I think will be useful to make the various problems and their solutions dearer to us all.
.
Frobisher: Overhead projection. There wasn’t anything wrong with the blackboard in my time, you know...
.
Benson: No, but this is clearer and neater and up-to-date. So, here you see a summary of the position of rubber in Malaysia’s economy and here is the first problem, and the solution that has been found through these insurance schemes.
.
Chairperson: Hm, yes, I see. That’s really very clear.
.
Benson: Now for the second and really major problem.
.
Frobiseher: And may I ask what that is
.
Benson: Boredom and fatigue.
.
Frobisher: Boredom and fatigue What
.
Chairperson: What do you mean by that
.
Benson: Well, as with so many societies, the young people are leaving the land for the cities, leaving no one behind to carry on their parents’ business. The root cause seems to be simple, boredom. Rubber is just not that entertaining a product to be involved with. It is labour-intensive in the extreme. Each tree on a plantation has to be tapped, by hand, every other day.
.
Chairperson: Tapped
.
Benson: Yes.
.
Frobisher: Yes, well, we...
【单选题】At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon’s life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After din...
A.
[A] The system has given equal opportunities to students.
B.
The system has reduced the number of cram schools.
C.
The system has intensified competition among schools.
D.
The system has increased students’ study load.
【单选题】Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc ...
A.
At one point, the plane passed over a tiny island filled with pelicans. Louisiana’s state bird. Booms, which are meant to help block off, retain and skim off the oil, have been placed around the island. But they are, it seems, of little use. In various sections, they have been pushed by wind and water onto the shoreline. Experts say many types of booms only work in calm weather conditions. The past few days have been marked with fierce winds and rain.
B.
Booms arc the most common containment method being used so far. But Barry Kohl, an adjunct professor of earth and environmental sciences at Tulane University, in New Orleans, says that even in the best weather conditions, skimming will remove only between 10% and 15% of the oil from the water’s surface. Another strategy that officials are trying: spraying dispersants — chemicals used to break up the oil — onto the water’s surface, or injecting it thousands of feet below water. The dispersants cause the oil to sink to the bottom of the sea. But experts warn that dispersants will also kill the plankton on which shrimp and fish depend for food. So far, the authorities haven’t clarified what chemical dispersants are being used. "We don’t know what happens to the oil once it’s dispersed, "Kohl says.
C.
"You see the stuff to the left" Panepinto asked, pointing to the long red and orange, sometimes brown, streaks. "That there is the oil. "The crude, which comes out of the wells black, has essentially emulsified, partly from having been exposed to the sunlight for so much time. By the time it reaches the shore, probably in the next day or so, it will likely be brown, like chocolate. Each day, the streaks will become less and less of a sheen, and more of a gummy substance. From the plane, you could see that it was approaching a massive school of flounder. "It’s like they’re swimming toward death, " Panepinto said. On the other side of what looked like a massive contagion were the shrimpers, lowering a boom onto the water. "What they’re doing is ’hopeless’ , " Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club, says of the shrimpers.
D.
Minutes later, the plane was flying over the man-made Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, created nearly half a century ago partly to give large shipping vessels another route to travel between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. Much of the water that flooded New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina came from MRGO. Much of the nearby marsh was destroyed — and with it, one of the last lines of defense for New Orleans against the Gulf’s water. If and when the oil hits land, it may kill much of the remaining vegetation that holds the soil together — one more reason New Orleans and folks on dry land are concerned about the spill’s effects.
【单选题】The conversation is primarily concerned with (). A. the development of the rubber industry in Malaysia B. the impact of rubber industry on Malaysia C. the uneven distribution of wealth in Malaysia D. ...
A.
Chairperson: Good evening ladles and gentlemen. It’s nice to see so many of you here. Well, I’d like to introduce our two guests this evening: Mr. Andrew Frobisher, who has spent many years in Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s and knows the country very well indeed. And, on my right, Mr. Harry Benson who’s an agricultural economist.
B.
Benson: Good evening.
C.
Frobisher: Good evening.
D.
Chairperson: Well, erm ... the purpose of this evening is to find out more about that fascinating substance, rubber, and the effects that it has on that fascinating country, Malaysia, Erm erm ... I believe erm ... er Mr. Frohisher, erm ... that Malaysia is at the same time an extremely rich and rather poor country. Erm ... how is this possible
E.
Frobisher: Yes, well, that’s quite true, Monica. Malaysia’s population is by now over 13 million, and er per head o... on paper the citizens are richer than those of the UK. But...
F.
Benson: But of course that wealth is not so evenly distributed. In fact in 1981, it was estimated that 37% of the population were below the poverty line...
G.
Frobisher: Yeah, well ... whatever that means ... and anyway shouldn’t it be, er, was below the poverty line.
H.
Benson: Yes, of course. Sorry, Andrew.
I.
Frobisher: Yes, well, erm ... as I was saying, much of Malaysia’s wealth is based on rubber. Now I remember my planting days...
J.
Benson: Yes, yes, yes, you’re quite right there Andrew. Rubber represents about 20% of the Gross National Product and 30% of export earnings. This puts Malaysia in a very good position internationally since rubber is an example of what we might call a "post-industrial industry".
.
Frobisher: Well, what do you mean by that
K.
Benson: Er ... excuse me ... yes, what does that mean
L.
Frobisher: What is a pest-industrial erm ... society
M.
Benson: Manufacturing industries are based on fossil fuels, for example, coal and oil. Now, the problem is that these will not last forever. They are finite. Sooner or later they will run out! Now, rubber is a natural product. The energy source involved in its creation is sunlight. Now sunlight, we hope, will outlast coal and oil, and best of all, sunlight is free. So, it is much cheaper to produce natural rubber which as we all know comes from trees, than to use up all those fossil fuels, both as fuels and as raw materials, in making synthetic rubber in factories. Rubber is one of the world’s strategic products, so you can see what a good position Malaysia is in, and it would help if she could produce more...
N.
Chairperson: Er ... well, what stands in the way then
.
Frobisher: Ah, well, well it’s the way they go about cultivating it. You see, I remember in my day just after...
.
Benson: Yes, most people have this image of vast estates, centrally run, but that’s just not the case, even if almost a quarter of the population is involved, one way or another, with the production of rubber ...
.
Frobisher: Yeah well, that’s if you count the families...
.
Benson: Oh, yes, yes, yes, almost 3 million people are involved, but the picture is a very fragmented one. Do you realize that there are 2 million hectares of land under cultivation for rubber in Malaysia, but that 70% of this area is divided among smallholders-half a million of them-who between them produce 60% of the country’ s rubber
.
Frobisher: Well, there’s nothing wrong with that i ... in terms of quality of life, though I remember, yes, quite right ... just after the war there was...
.
Benson: Yes, quite right. But being a smallholder does present problems. For example, when it comes to replacing old trees-you’ll know about this, Andrew-and the average useful life of a rubber tree is about 30 years, this can cause financial problems for the small farmer. The problem is being tackled, however, by some very enlightened insurance schemes available to the smallholder which can give him help through the difficult year. After all, the new trees take some years to mature and start producing rubber.
.
Frobisher: Yes, indeed they do. I ... I ...
.
Benson: Look, I’ve got an overhead projection here, which I think will be useful to make the various problems and their solutions dearer to us all.
.
Frobisher: Overhead projection. There wasn’t anything wrong with the blackboard in my time, you know...
.
Benson: No, but this is clearer and neater and up-to-date. So, here you see a summary of the position of rubber in Malaysia’s economy and here is the first problem, and the solution that has been found through these insurance schemes.
.
Chairperson: Hm, yes, I see. That’s really very clear.
.
Benson: Now for the second and really major problem.
.
Frobiseher: And may I ask what that is
.
Benson: Boredom and fatigue.
.
Frobisher: Boredom and fatigue What
.
Chairperson: What do you mean by that
.
Benson: Well, as with so many societies, the young people are leaving the land for the cities, leaving no one behind to carry on their parents’ business. The root cause seems to be simple, boredom. Rubber is just not that entertaining a product to be involved with. It is labour-intensive in the extreme. Each tree on a plantation has to be tapped, by hand, every other day.
.
Chairperson: Tapped
.
Benson: Yes.
.
Frobisher: Yes, well, we...
【单选题】Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc ...
A.
At one point, the plane passed over a tiny island filled with pelicans. Louisiana’s state bird. Booms, which are meant to help block off, retain and skim off the oil, have been placed around the island. But they are, it seems, of little use. In various sections, they have been pushed by wind and water onto the shoreline. Experts say many types of booms only work in calm weather conditions. The past few days have been marked with fierce winds and rain.
B.
Booms arc the most common containment method being used so far. But Barry Kohl, an adjunct professor of earth and environmental sciences at Tulane University, in New Orleans, says that even in the best weather conditions, skimming will remove only between 10% and 15% of the oil from the water’s surface. Another strategy that officials are trying: spraying dispersants — chemicals used to break up the oil — onto the water’s surface, or injecting it thousands of feet below water. The dispersants cause the oil to sink to the bottom of the sea. But experts warn that dispersants will also kill the plankton on which shrimp and fish depend for food. So far, the authorities haven’t clarified what chemical dispersants are being used. "We don’t know what happens to the oil once it’s dispersed, "Kohl says.
C.
"You see the stuff to the left" Panepinto asked, pointing to the long red and orange, sometimes brown, streaks. "That there is the oil. "The crude, which comes out of the wells black, has essentially emulsified, partly from having been exposed to the sunlight for so much time. By the time it reaches the shore, probably in the next day or so, it will likely be brown, like chocolate. Each day, the streaks will become less and less of a sheen, and more of a gummy substance. From the plane, you could see that it was approaching a massive school of flounder. "It’s like they’re swimming toward death, " Panepinto said. On the other side of what looked like a massive contagion were the shrimpers, lowering a boom onto the water. "What they’re doing is ’hopeless’ , " Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club, says of the shrimpers.
D.
Minutes later, the plane was flying over the man-made Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, created nearly half a century ago partly to give large shipping vessels another route to travel between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. Much of the water that flooded New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina came from MRGO. Much of the nearby marsh was destroyed — and with it, one of the last lines of defense for New Orleans against the Gulf’s water. If and when the oil hits land, it may kill much of the remaining vegetation that holds the soil together — one more reason New Orleans and folks on dry land are concerned about the spill’s effects.
【单选题】At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon’s life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After din...
A.
[A] require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.
B.
reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.
C.
select students on their high school grades only.
D.
reduce the number of prospective college applicants.
【单选题】Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as t...
A.
education is beneficial to mental development
B.
education protects the brain from shrinking
C.
education has a protective effect against mental decline
D.
education affects overall brain structures
【单选题】56（） A. had to jump B. was to have jumped C. must have jumped D. could be jumped
A.
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (41) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (42) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (43) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (44) earlier than usual. When I (45) my cabin, I was surprised (46) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (47) but there was a suitcase (48) mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in, He was the sort of man you might meet (49) , except that he was wearing (50) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (51) whoever he was and did not say (52) . As I had expected, he ’did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
B.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (53) , as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (54) was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten (55) the door, so I got up (56) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite, I crossed the room and (57) the moon shone through it on to the other bed (58) . there. It took me a minute or two to (59) the door myself. I realized that my companion (60) through the window into the sea.
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