Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (56) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (57) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (58) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (59) as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (60) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (61) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (62) juvenile crime rates. Families have also (63) changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; () , children are likely to have less supervision at home, (65) was common in the traditional family (66) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (67) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (68) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (69) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (70) a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been established.
Part Ⅳ Cloze
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.