第二章 细菌学总论

DNA结构

革兰染色特征

细菌形态

鞭毛、芽胞和荚膜

代谢产物

6岁

7～8岁

12岁

18岁以后

20～30岁

people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.

your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.

not all industries work at the same hours.

it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.

0.3g/mlEDTA，0.3ml

0.30g/mlEDTA，0.2ml

0.15g/mlEDTA，0.3ml

以上都不对

the small reduced salt bread tastes the same as the standard content one

most people can distinguish the content of salt in bread

standard bread is different in taste from 20% reduced salt bread

the less salt content of bread, the poorer taste it has

When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did—"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.

"Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."

Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.

Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.

"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for Et new coat when you can get another one for a lot less"

Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US—"some as big as department stores. "All of the clothes are donated(损赠) ,and when they have a surplus(盈余) ,they’ll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.

Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.

"I’d say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops pr that waste from going to landfills(垃圾填埋场) ;they give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing for those who can’t afford to buy new ones and generate(生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption."

The amount of money covering the basics.

The registration, fee for a domain name on the Internet.

The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.

The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually.

neutral

bitter

excited

expectant

Italian family.

Russian family.

English family.

German family.

出生前后

胚胎第4个月

胚胎第4周

胚胎第2个月

出生1年后

专门还款准备金

借款人的存款账户资金

贷款担保

其他借款人的资金

Teaching poetry No poem should ever be discussed or "yzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "yzing" it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is " a criticism of life", and " a heightening(提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it " can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

节肢动物门

软体动物门

原生动物门

环节动物门

选择题

消毒灭菌时，以杀灭（　 ）为判断灭菌效果的指标

荚膜

芽胞

鞭毛

菌毛

纤毛

第二篇　　　　　　　　　　　

Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine Even ancient Egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the　famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B．C．．Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today． The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风)southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods． Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．W．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile． Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by yzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of LeedsUniversity worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river． Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river　would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。immediately came before the fall of the Egypt’s old Kingdom． The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York． Similar s today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．ascientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．“Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the　populations have increased dramatically．”

标志心室收缩期的开始

标志心室舒张期的开始

以心尖部最强且清晰

是心室壁、房室壁、腱索和乳头肌振动而产生

是左右房室瓣骤然关闭的振动所致

DNA结构

革兰染色特征

细菌形态

鞭毛、芽胞和荚膜

代谢产物

6岁

7～8岁

12岁

18岁以后

20～30岁

people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.

your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.

not all industries work at the same hours.

it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.

0.3g/mlEDTA，0.3ml

0.30g/mlEDTA，0.2ml

0.15g/mlEDTA，0.3ml

以上都不对

the small reduced salt bread tastes the same as the standard content one

most people can distinguish the content of salt in bread

standard bread is different in taste from 20% reduced salt bread

the less salt content of bread, the poorer taste it has

When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did—"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.

"Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."

Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.

Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.

"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for Et new coat when you can get another one for a lot less"

Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US—"some as big as department stores. "All of the clothes are donated(损赠) ,and when they have a surplus(盈余) ,they’ll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.

Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.

"I’d say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops pr that waste from going to landfills(垃圾填埋场) ;they give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing for those who can’t afford to buy new ones and generate(生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption."

The amount of money covering the basics.

The registration, fee for a domain name on the Internet.

The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.

The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually.

neutral

bitter

excited

expectant

Italian family.

Russian family.

English family.

German family.

出生前后

胚胎第4个月

胚胎第4周

胚胎第2个月

出生1年后

专门还款准备金

借款人的存款账户资金

贷款担保

其他借款人的资金

Teaching poetry No poem should ever be discussed or "yzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "yzing" it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is " a criticism of life", and " a heightening(提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it " can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

节肢动物门

软体动物门

原生动物门

环节动物门

选择题

消毒灭菌时，以杀灭（　 ）为判断灭菌效果的指标

荚膜

芽胞

鞭毛

菌毛

纤毛

第二篇　　　　　　　　　　　

Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine Even ancient Egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the　famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B．C．．Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today． The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风)southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods． Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．W．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile． Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by yzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of LeedsUniversity worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river． Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river　would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。immediately came before the fall of the Egypt’s old Kingdom． The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York． Similar s today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．ascientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．“Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the　populations have increased dramatically．”

标志心室收缩期的开始

标志心室舒张期的开始

以心尖部最强且清晰

是心室壁、房室壁、腱索和乳头肌振动而产生

是左右房室瓣骤然关闭的振动所致