Directions : In this section , you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it . Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs . Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived . You may choose a paragraph more than once . Each paragraph is marked with a letter . Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 . Finding the Right Home—and Contentment , [A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear 。 [B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home , or has the industry simply hired better interior designers ? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear , or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places ? It is genuinely hard to know 。 [C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed 。 And that the characteristics children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in 。 I am not talking about the quality of care , let me hastily add 。 Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record 。 But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do 。 [D] The most recent of these studies , published in The journal of Applied Gerontology , surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living , nursing homes and smaller residential care homes ( known in some states as board and care homes or care homes )。 Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life , emotional well-being and social interaction , as well as about the quality of the facilities 。 [E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types , ” said the lead author of the study , Julie Robison , an associate professor of medicine at the university 。 A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t ? [F] In the initial results , assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture 。 They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities , for instance , and less likely to be bored or lonely 。 They scored higher on social interaction 。 [G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables , such differences disappeared 。 It is not the housing type , they found , that creates differences in residents’ responses 。 “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in , combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are , their age and marital status , ” Dr 。 Robison explained 。 Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant 。 [H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health , therefore , might be no less depressed in assisted living ( even if her children preferred it ) than in a nursing home 。 A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home , other factors being equal 。 It is an interaction between the person and the place , not the sort of place in itself , that leads to better or worse experiences 。 “You can’t just say , ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off , ” Dr 。 Robison said 。 What matters , she added , “is a combination of what people bring in with them , and what they find there 。 ” [I] Such findings , which run counter to common sense , have suced before 。 In a multi-state study of assisted living , for instance , University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type , size or age ; whether a chain owned it ; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness , mental decline , hospitalizations or mortality 。 What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status 。 What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there 。 [J] As I was considering all this , a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk , announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are 。 As a matter of fact , consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities , the lowest rated , than with the five-star ones 。 ( More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post 。) [K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing ? —here is a thought from Dr 。 Philip Sloane , a geriatrician (老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina : “In a way , that could be liberating for families 。 ” [L] Of course , sons and daughters want to visit the facilities , talk to the administrators and residents and other families , and do everything possible to fulfill their duties 。 But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees 。 “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy , ” Dr 。 Sloane said 。 And involving the future resident in the process can be very important 。 [M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness 。 They have their ideas , too 。 A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town 。 I have seen this place—it is elegant , inside and out 。 But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived , though the visit had been planned ; nobody introduced them to the other residents 。 When they had lunch in the dining room , they sat alone at a table 。 [N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there , and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility 。 Based on what is emerging from some of this research , that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision 。 _____ 1 . Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents . _____ 2. Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities , involving their parents in the decision- process may prove very important . _____ 3.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home . _____ 4.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in . _____ 5.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home . _____ 6.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place . _____ 7.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction . _____ 8.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think . _____ 9.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living . _____ 10.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there .