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【简答题】

Is College Worth It
A. When LaTisha Styles graduated from Kennesaw State University in Georgia in 2006 she had $35,000 of student debt. This obligation (债务) would have been easy to discharge if her Spanish degree had helped her land a well-paid job. But there is no shortage of Spanish-speakers in a nation that borders Latin America. So Ms. Styles found herself working in a clothes shop and a fast-food restaurant for no more than $11 an hour.
B. Frustrated, she took the brave decision to go back .to the same college and study something more pragmatic. She majored in finance, and now has a good job at an investment consulting firm. Her debt has increased to $65,000, but she will have little trouble paying it off.
C. As Ms. Styles’ story shows, there is no answer to the question "Is college worth it" Some degrees pay for themselves; others don’t. American school kids considering whether to take on huge student loans are constantly told that college is the gateway to the middle class. The truth is more subtle, as Barack Obama hinted when he said in January that "folks can make a lot more" by learning a trade "than they might with an art history degree". An angry art history professor forced him to apologize, but he was right.
D. College graduates aged 25 to 32 who are working full time earn about $17,500 more annually than their peers who have only a high school diploma, according to the Pew Research Centre, a think-tank. But not all degrees are equally useful. And given how much they cost—a residential four-year degree can set you back as much as $60,000 a year—many students end up worse off than if they had started working at 18.
E. PayScale, a research firm, has gathered data on the graduates of more than 900 universities and colleges, asking them what they studied and how much they now earn. The company then factors in the cost of a degree, after financial aid (discounts for the clever or poor that greatly reduce the sticker price at many universities). From this, PayScale estimates the financial returns of many different types of degree.
Hard subjects pay off
F. Unsurprisingly, PayScale’s study reveals that engineering is a good bet wherever you study it. An engineering graduate from the University of California, Berkeley can expect to be nearly $1.1m better off after 20 years than someone who never went to college. Even the least profitable engineering courses generated a 20-year return of almost $500,000.
G. Arts and humanities courses are much more varied. All doubtless nourish the soul, but not all fatten the wallet. An arts degree from a rigorous school such as Columbia or the University of California, San Diego pays off handsomely. But an arts graduate from Murray State University in Kentucky can expect to make $147,000 less over 20 years than a high school graduate, after paying for his education. Of the 153 arts degrees in the study, 46 generated a return on investment worse than investing the money in 20-year treasury bills. Of those, 18 offered returns worse than zero.
H. Colleges that score badly will no doubt complain that PayScale’s rankings are based on relatively small numbers of graduates from each institution. Some schools are unfairly affected by the local job market—Murray State might look better if Kentucky’s economy were thriving. Universities that set out to serve everyone will struggle to compete with selective institutions. And poor colleges will look worse than rich ones that offer lots of financial aid, since reducing the cost of a degree raises its return.
I. All these warnings are true. But overall, the PayScale study surely overstates (夸张) the financial value of a college education. It does not compare graduates’ earnings to what they would have earned, had they skipped college. (That number is unknowable.) It compares their earnings to those of people who did not go to college—many of whom did not go because they were not clever enough to get in. Thus, some of the premium (奖金) that graduates earn simply reflects the fact that they are, on average, more intelt than non-graduates.
J. What is not in doubt is that the cost of university per student has risen by almost five times the rate of inflation since 1983, and graduate salaries have been flat for much of the past decade. Student debt has grown so large that it stops many young people from buying houses, starting businesses or having children. Those who borrowed for a bachelor’s degree granted in 2012 owe an average of $29,400. The Project on Student Debt, a non-profit, says that 15% of borrowers default (违约) within three years of entering repayment. At for-profit colleges the rate is 22%. Glenn Reynolds, a law professor and author of The Higher Education Bubble, writes of graduates who "may wind up living in their parents’ basements until they are old enough to collect Social Security."
K. That is an exaggeration: students enrolling this year who service their debts will see them forgiven (免除) after 20 years. But the burden is still heavy for many. It does not help that nearly a third of those who take out such loans ually drop out of college; they must still repay their debts. A third transfer to different schools. Many four-year degrees drag on longer, and so cost more. Overall, the six-year graduation rate for four-year institutions is only 59%.
L. The terrible national job market does not help, either. A report by McKinsey, a consultancy, found that 42% of recent graduates are in jobs that require less than a four-year college education. Some 41% of graduates from the nation’s top colleges could not find jobs in their chosen field; and half of all graduates said they would choose a different major or school.
M. Chegg, a company that provides online help to students, collaborated the study. Dan Rosensweig, its boss, says that only half of graduates feel prepared for a job in their field, and only 39% of managers feel that students are ready for the workforce. Students often cannot write clearly or organize their time sensibly. Four million jobs are unfilled because jobseekers lack the skills employers need.
Grading the graders
N. For all their flaws, studies like PayScale’s help would-be students (and their parents) make more informed choices. As Americans start to realize how much a bad choice can hurt them, they will demand more transparency. Some colleges are providing it, prodded (督促) by the federal government. For example, the University of Texas recently launched a website showing how much its graduates earn and owe after five years.
O. "Opportunity", said Mr. Obama on April 2nd, "means college more affordable." In time, transparency and technology will force many colleges to cut costs and raise quality. Online education will accelerate the trend. In 2012, 6.7 million students were taking at least one online course. Such courses allow students to listen to fine lecturers without having to pay for luxurious dormitories or armies of college bureaucrats. They will not replace traditional colleges—face-to-face classes ate still valuable—but they will force them to adapt. Those that offer poor value for money will have to shape up, or disappear.
Is College Worth ItHard subjects pay offGrading the gradersOnline education will push some colleges to make an improvement in their teaching quality.

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参考答案:
举一反三

【单选题】下面有关违约概率的说法,错误的是( )。

A.
违约概率是指借款人在未来一定时期内不能按合同要求偿还贷款本息或履行相关义务的可能性
B.
在违约概率估计过程中,参考数据样本覆盖期限越长越好
C.
计算违约概率时,参考数据样本至少覆盖5年期限,同时必须包括违约率相对较高的经济萧条时期
D.
《巴塞尔新资本协议》中,违约概率被具体定义为借款人一年内的累计违约概率与3个基点中的较高者

【单选题】债务率是指()的百分率。

A.
当年外债余额/当年国内生产总值
B.
当年外债余额/国际储备
C.
当年外债余额/当年出口收入
D.
当年外债还本付息额/当年出口收入

【多选题】工资奖金调整的方式有( )。

A.
奖励性调整
B.
鼓励性调整
C.
生活指数调整
D.
工龄工资调整
E.
特殊调整

【多选题】有形净值债务率中的净值是指()。

A.
股东具有所有权的有形资产净值有形资产净值
B.
固定资产净值与流动资产之和确
C.
所有者权益扣除无形资产
D.
所有者权益
E.
无形资产净值

【单选题】共益债务不包括的内容是( )

A.
因债务人不当得利所产生的债务
B.
因债务人违约所产生的债务
C.
因债务人财产致人损害所产生的债务
D.
因债务人财产受无因管理所产生的债务

【单选题】按安全生产绩效颁发奖金是对人本原理的( )的应用。

A.
动力原则和能级原则
B.
动力原则和激励原则
C.
激励原则和能级原则
D.
动力原则、能级原则和激励原则

【多选题】承担违约民事责任的方式( )。

A.
继续履行
B.
 有期徒刑
C.
违约损害赔偿
D.
支付违约金
E.
拘留

【多选题】工资奖金调控方案测算的步骤,应包括( )。

A.
按照新方案确定工资奖金
B.
根据岗位评价结果给员工人级
C.
汇总问题分析原因完善方案调整
D.
员工薪酬等级降低时一般维持工资水平不下降
E.
如果薪酬等级不变但薪酬水平降低,应重新调整方案

【单选题】要为当前表所有职工增加200元奖金,应该使用的命令是( )。

A.
CHANGE 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
B.
REPLACE 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
C.
CHANGE ALL 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
D.
REPLACE ALL 奖金 WITH 奖金+200

【单选题】下列属于共益债务的是( )。

A.
管理人对破产财产进行分配而发生的费用
B.
管理人为破产财产的估价聘请的资产评估专业人员而支付的劳动报酬
C.
管理人继续履行合同时发生的运送货物的运费和保险费
D.
人民法院受理债务人的破产案件依照职权发生的由债务人负担的调查费用、公告费和文件送达费用

【单选题】卖方违约一般不表现为以下哪种( )

A.
拒收货物
B.
不交货
C.
延迟交货
D.
交货与合同规定的不符

【单选题】下列属于共益债务的是()。

A.
管理人对破产企业财产进行分配而发生的费用
B.
管理人为破产财产的估价聘请的资产评估专业人员而支付的劳动费用
C.
债务人的财产在债务人自己的仓库保管时发挥时发生火灾,殃及了近邻,造成他人的财产损害,为此,债务人需要承担的赔偿费用
D.
法院受理债务人的破产案件依照职权发生的债务人负担的调查费用、文件送达费

【单选题】所谓“赤字债务化”,是指( )。

A.
向中央银行借款或透支的方法
B.
用来弥补财政硬赤字的方法
C.
通过发行公债来弥补软赤字的方法
D.
以上答案均不对
相关题目:
【单选题】下面有关违约概率的说法,错误的是( )。
A.
违约概率是指借款人在未来一定时期内不能按合同要求偿还贷款本息或履行相关义务的可能性
B.
在违约概率估计过程中,参考数据样本覆盖期限越长越好
C.
计算违约概率时,参考数据样本至少覆盖5年期限,同时必须包括违约率相对较高的经济萧条时期
D.
《巴塞尔新资本协议》中,违约概率被具体定义为借款人一年内的累计违约概率与3个基点中的较高者
【单选题】债务率是指()的百分率。
A.
当年外债余额/当年国内生产总值
B.
当年外债余额/国际储备
C.
当年外债余额/当年出口收入
D.
当年外债还本付息额/当年出口收入
【多选题】工资奖金调整的方式有( )。
A.
奖励性调整
B.
鼓励性调整
C.
生活指数调整
D.
工龄工资调整
E.
特殊调整
【多选题】有形净值债务率中的净值是指()。
A.
股东具有所有权的有形资产净值有形资产净值
B.
固定资产净值与流动资产之和确
C.
所有者权益扣除无形资产
D.
所有者权益
E.
无形资产净值
【单选题】共益债务不包括的内容是( )
A.
因债务人不当得利所产生的债务
B.
因债务人违约所产生的债务
C.
因债务人财产致人损害所产生的债务
D.
因债务人财产受无因管理所产生的债务
【单选题】按安全生产绩效颁发奖金是对人本原理的( )的应用。
A.
动力原则和能级原则
B.
动力原则和激励原则
C.
激励原则和能级原则
D.
动力原则、能级原则和激励原则
【多选题】承担违约民事责任的方式( )。
A.
继续履行
B.
 有期徒刑
C.
违约损害赔偿
D.
支付违约金
E.
拘留
【多选题】工资奖金调控方案测算的步骤,应包括( )。
A.
按照新方案确定工资奖金
B.
根据岗位评价结果给员工人级
C.
汇总问题分析原因完善方案调整
D.
员工薪酬等级降低时一般维持工资水平不下降
E.
如果薪酬等级不变但薪酬水平降低,应重新调整方案
【单选题】要为当前表所有职工增加200元奖金,应该使用的命令是( )。
A.
CHANGE 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
B.
REPLACE 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
C.
CHANGE ALL 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
D.
REPLACE ALL 奖金 WITH 奖金+200
【单选题】下列属于共益债务的是( )。
A.
管理人对破产财产进行分配而发生的费用
B.
管理人为破产财产的估价聘请的资产评估专业人员而支付的劳动报酬
C.
管理人继续履行合同时发生的运送货物的运费和保险费
D.
人民法院受理债务人的破产案件依照职权发生的由债务人负担的调查费用、公告费和文件送达费用
【单选题】卖方违约一般不表现为以下哪种( )
A.
拒收货物
B.
不交货
C.
延迟交货
D.
交货与合同规定的不符
【单选题】下列属于共益债务的是()。
A.
管理人对破产企业财产进行分配而发生的费用
B.
管理人为破产财产的估价聘请的资产评估专业人员而支付的劳动费用
C.
债务人的财产在债务人自己的仓库保管时发挥时发生火灾,殃及了近邻,造成他人的财产损害,为此,债务人需要承担的赔偿费用
D.
法院受理债务人的破产案件依照职权发生的债务人负担的调查费用、文件送达费
【单选题】所谓“赤字债务化”,是指( )。
A.
向中央银行借款或透支的方法
B.
用来弥补财政硬赤字的方法
C.
通过发行公债来弥补软赤字的方法
D.
以上答案均不对
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