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第二篇
| Obesity Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems. Most physicians use the body mass index (BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese. Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges3. These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height. For example, a man of 1.8 m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62 kg. The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue. Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women. The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about "fat" people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin" are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated slimness. |
A.
looked down upon by others.
B.
welcomed by others.
C.
considered severely ill.
D.
thought of having special problems.
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【单选题】第二篇 Sleep We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 - 8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16 - 17 hours’ walness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep n...
A.
people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.
B.
your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.
C.
not all industries work at the same hours.
D.
it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.
【单选题】第二篇 Thanksgiving Day The American Thanksgiving Day celebration goes back to 1621. In that year, a special dinner was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The people who had settled there...
A.
6 weeks.
B.
2 months or more.
C.
Half a year.
D.
102 days.
【单选题】第二篇 Health or Profit Although there is no direct evidence that salt is the cause of high blood pressure ar "hypertension", there are studies which indicate that reducing salt intake lowers blood press...
A.
the small reduced salt bread tastes the same as the standard content one
B.
most people can distinguish the content of salt in bread
C.
standard bread is different in taste from 20% reduced salt bread
D.
the less salt content of bread, the poorer taste it has
【单选题】第二篇Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen Barth was a college student, he often shopped at thrift shops（） A．to save money B．to save energy C．to help the environment D．to make friends with poor pe...
A.
第二篇
B.
Shopping at Second-hand Clothing Stores
C.
When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did—"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.
D.
"Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
E.
Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
F.
Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
G.
"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for Et new coat when you can get another one for a lot less"
H.
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US—"some as big as department stores. "All of the clothes are donated(损赠) ,and when they have a surplus(盈余) ,they’ll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
I.
Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.
J.
"I’d say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops pr that waste from going to landfills(垃圾填埋场) ;they give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing for those who can’t afford to buy new ones and generate(生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption."
【单选题】第二篇 The Net Cost of a Name for Yourself Companies are paying up to $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name ...
A.
The amount of money covering the basics.
B.
The registration, fee for a domain name on the Internet.
C.
The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.
D.
The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually.
【单选题】第二篇 A Fire near Waco Six years later, in an about-face, the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) admits that federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Bran...
A.
neutral
B.
bitter
C.
excited
D.
expectant
【单选题】第二篇 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her fa...
A.
Italian family.
B.
Russian family.
C.
English family.
D.
German family.
【单选题】第二篇 We all age at different rates. Heredity clearly plays an important part. But recent research studies by gerontologists indicate that life-style may be equally significant in determin...
A.
Enjoying life is one of the best ways to lengthen it.
B.
Teaching others to live an active life.
C.
Avoiding death is more important than living.
D.
We should use our senses keenly.
【单选题】第二篇What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply（） A．More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry. B．Poetry is more important than any other subject. C．One cannot enjoy life fully w...
A.
第二篇
B.
Teaching poetry No poem should ever be discussed or "yzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "yzing" it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is " a criticism of life", and " a heightening(提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it " can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
【多选题】属于“第二理想国”的教育观是()
A.
哲学被取消了
B.
有了明确的规定
C.
专管教育的长官
D.
定了学校的兴建
E.
提出要控制人口过度增长
F.
首次提到了强迫教育
【单选题】第二篇 The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by（） A．“frustrating”． B．“damaging”． C．“defeating”． D．“worrying”．
A.
第二篇
B.
Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine Even ancient Egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B．C．．Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today． The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风)southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods． Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．W．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile． Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by yzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of LeedsUniversity worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river． Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。immediately came before the fall of the Egypt’s old Kingdom． The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York． Similar s today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．ascientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．“Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically．”
【单选题】第二心音是( )
A.
标志心室收缩期的开始
B.
标志心室舒张期的开始
C.
以心尖部最强且清晰
D.
是心室壁、房室壁、腱索和乳头肌振动而产生
E.
是左右房室瓣骤然关闭的振动所致
相关题目：
【单选题】第二篇 Sleep We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 - 8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16 - 17 hours’ walness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep n...
A.
people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.
B.
your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.
C.
not all industries work at the same hours.
D.
it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.
【单选题】第二篇 Thanksgiving Day The American Thanksgiving Day celebration goes back to 1621. In that year, a special dinner was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The people who had settled there...
A.
6 weeks.
B.
2 months or more.
C.
Half a year.
D.
102 days.
【单选题】第二篇 Health or Profit Although there is no direct evidence that salt is the cause of high blood pressure ar "hypertension", there are studies which indicate that reducing salt intake lowers blood press...
A.
the small reduced salt bread tastes the same as the standard content one
B.
most people can distinguish the content of salt in bread
C.
standard bread is different in taste from 20% reduced salt bread
D.
the less salt content of bread, the poorer taste it has
【单选题】第二篇Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen Barth was a college student, he often shopped at thrift shops（） A．to save money B．to save energy C．to help the environment D．to make friends with poor pe...
A.
第二篇
B.
Shopping at Second-hand Clothing Stores
C.
When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did—"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.
D.
"Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
E.
Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
F.
Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
G.
"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for Et new coat when you can get another one for a lot less"
H.
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US—"some as big as department stores. "All of the clothes are donated(损赠) ,and when they have a surplus(盈余) ,they’ll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
I.
Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.
J.
"I’d say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops pr that waste from going to landfills(垃圾填埋场) ;they give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing for those who can’t afford to buy new ones and generate(生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption."
【单选题】第二篇 The Net Cost of a Name for Yourself Companies are paying up to $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name ...
A.
The amount of money covering the basics.
B.
The registration, fee for a domain name on the Internet.
C.
The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.
D.
The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually.
【单选题】第二篇 A Fire near Waco Six years later, in an about-face, the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) admits that federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Bran...
A.
neutral
B.
bitter
C.
excited
D.
expectant
【单选题】第二篇 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her fa...
A.
Italian family.
B.
Russian family.
C.
English family.
D.
German family.
【单选题】第二篇 We all age at different rates. Heredity clearly plays an important part. But recent research studies by gerontologists indicate that life-style may be equally significant in determin...
A.
Enjoying life is one of the best ways to lengthen it.
B.
Teaching others to live an active life.
C.
Avoiding death is more important than living.
D.
We should use our senses keenly.
【单选题】第二篇What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply（） A．More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry. B．Poetry is more important than any other subject. C．One cannot enjoy life fully w...
A.
第二篇
B.
Teaching poetry No poem should ever be discussed or "yzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "yzing" it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is " a criticism of life", and " a heightening(提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it " can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
【多选题】属于“第二理想国”的教育观是()
A.
哲学被取消了
B.
有了明确的规定
C.
专管教育的长官
D.
定了学校的兴建
E.
提出要控制人口过度增长
F.
首次提到了强迫教育
【单选题】第二篇 The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by（） A．“frustrating”． B．“damaging”． C．“defeating”． D．“worrying”．
A.
第二篇
B.
Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine Even ancient Egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B．C．．Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today． The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风)southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods． Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．W．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile． Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by yzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of LeedsUniversity worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river． Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。immediately came before the fall of the Egypt’s old Kingdom． The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York． Similar s today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．ascientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．“Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically．”
【单选题】第二心音是( )
A.
标志心室收缩期的开始
B.
标志心室舒张期的开始
C.
以心尖部最强且清晰
D.
是心室壁、房室壁、腱索和乳头肌振动而产生
E.
是左右房室瓣骤然关闭的振动所致
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