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【简答题】

3. With Genetic Gift,2 Monkeys Are Viewing a More Colorful World
Dalton and Sam are male squirrel monkeys, about a foot tall. (46) Dalton and Sam lead a more protected life in the laboratory of Jay and Maureen Neitz at the University of Washington, Seattle. Recently, the Neitzes endowed them with a new genetic gift: the ability to see the world with full color vision.
Male squirrel monkeys have only two of the color pigments (色素) known as opsins (视蛋白), unlike people who have three. The Neitzes, with Katherine Mancuso and other colleagues, used the technique of gene therapy to introduce the gene for the missing red pigment into the cone cells of the monkeys’ retinas (视网膜). (47) .
It was somewhat surprising that the monkeys’ brains could take advantage of a third opsin. The retina, however, seems to work by recording the difference between the signals from neighboring cones, the cells that detect color. (48) .
New World male monkeys like Dalton and Sam are chromatically challenged because their ancestors split off from Old World primates before full color vision evolved. At the time of the split, primates had only two visual pigments, one that is particularly sensitive to blue light and another that responds best to either green or red, depending on which variant of the gene is inherited. (49) The gene for the red or green opsin was duplicated, allowing individuals to see red and green instead of just one or the other.
New World monkeys never developed the duplicated gene, but many females have full color vision nevertheless. The reason is that the red/green opsin gene lies on the X chromosome, so females who inherit a different version from each parent have both red and green opsins along with the blue opsin on another chromosome (染色体). (50)
A. But males, with only one X chromosome, inherit just one variant of the red/green opsin-the green in the ease of Dalton and Sam.
B. Several months after the therapy, Dalton and Sam were aide to see a world in which red hues (颜色) were visible and oranges no longer looked like lemons, the researchers say in the current issue of Nature.
C. Their ancestors lived by eating fruit and insects in the forest canopy (树荫) of Central and South America.
D. After the split, which began with the opening of the Atlantic between Africa and Sunth America some 150 million years ago, the Old World primates benefited front a genetic accident.
E. So the extra opsin gene given to Dalton and Sam would have changed the signal from affected cones and hence the message forwarded from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain.
F. The monkey experiment would help researchers understand the circuitry used by the primate brain to yze color.

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参考答案:
举一反三

【单选题】视网膜脱离是指()之间的脱离D视网膜

A.
脉络膜与视网膜
B.
视网膜神经上皮层与色素上皮层
C.
全色素膜
D.
视网膜神经上皮层

【单选题】慢性髓细胞白血病急变时,最可靠的染色体变化是()

A.
ph染色体
B.
出现非整倍体
C.
出现假二倍体
D.
出现除ph染色体以外的附加染色体
E.
以上均不对

【单选题】视网膜血管瘤特征性的表现是()

A.
红色瘤体
B.
黄白色渗出
C.
迂曲扩张的一对滋养血管
D.
渗出性视网膜脱离
E.
继发性青光眼

【单选题】能与视蛋白结合组成视色素的是

A.
11-顺视黄醛
B.
12-顺视黄醛
C.
11-顺视黄醇
D.
11-顺视黄酸
相关题目:
【单选题】视网膜脱离是指()之间的脱离D视网膜
A.
脉络膜与视网膜
B.
视网膜神经上皮层与色素上皮层
C.
全色素膜
D.
视网膜神经上皮层
【单选题】慢性髓细胞白血病急变时,最可靠的染色体变化是()
A.
ph染色体
B.
出现非整倍体
C.
出现假二倍体
D.
出现除ph染色体以外的附加染色体
E.
以上均不对
【单选题】视网膜血管瘤特征性的表现是()
A.
红色瘤体
B.
黄白色渗出
C.
迂曲扩张的一对滋养血管
D.
渗出性视网膜脱离
E.
继发性青光眼
【单选题】能与视蛋白结合组成视色素的是
A.
11-顺视黄醛
B.
12-顺视黄醛
C.
11-顺视黄醇
D.
11-顺视黄酸
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